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Back Cross and Test Cross

The document discusses backcross and test cross, which are techniques used in genetics. A backcross is used to recover an elite genotype from a parent, while a test cross is used to discriminate the genotype of a phenotypically dominant individual. All test crosses are a type of backcross, but not all backcrosses are test crosses.

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3K views13 pages

Back Cross and Test Cross

The document discusses backcross and test cross, which are techniques used in genetics. A backcross is used to recover an elite genotype from a parent, while a test cross is used to discriminate the genotype of a phenotypically dominant individual. All test crosses are a type of backcross, but not all backcrosses are test crosses.

Uploaded by

jaleelkabdul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Back cross

and
test cross
In backcross, the F1 is crossed with
one of the parents or genetically
identical individual to the parent
Parent F1-Tall Tall
Phenotype
Genotype
Tt X TT

Gametes T t T T
F2

F T t
M
TT Tt
T Tall Tall

T
TT Tt
Tall Tall
Parent Tall Dwarf
Phenotype
Genotype
Tt X tt

Gametes T t t t
F2

F T t
M
Tt tt
t Tall Dwarf

t
Tt tt
Tall Dwarf
In test cross, a dominant phenotype
is crossed with the homologous
recessive genotype in order to
discriminate between homologous
dominant and heterozygous
genotypes
Parent Tall Dwarf
Phenotype
Genotype
Tt X tt

Gametes T t t t
F2

F T t
M
Tt tt
t Tall Dwarf

t
Tt tt
Tall Dwarf
F2 phenotypic and genotypic ratio is 1:1
The main difference between test cross and the
backcross is that test cross is used to
discriminate the genotype of an individual which
is phenotypically dominant whereas a backcross
is used to recover an elite genotype from a
parent which bears an elite genotype
All test crosses are
back cross but all back
crosses are not test
cross
Parent Yellow round seed X Green wrinkled
Phenotype
Genotype
YYRR X yyrr

Gametes
YR yr
F1

YyRr
Yellow round
Parent Yellow round seed X Green wrinkled
Phenotype
Genotype
YyRr X yyrr

Gametes
YR Yr yR yr yr

F2

YyRr Yyrr yyRr yyrr


Yellow round Yellow Wrinkled Green round Green Wrinkled
YyRr
Yellow round

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