RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS COUPLING
Supervisor: Pierre SAMIER
Armin DORGATHEN
RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION
-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)
RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION
-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)
-Petrophysics (Well Logging, Coring, Well Testing)
RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION
-Geological Model (Seismic, Geophysics, Well Testing)
-Petrophysics (Well Logging, Coring, Well Testing)
-Static Model
-Mathematic Simulation (Darcys Law, Material Balance)
-Simulation Model
RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION
-Reservoir History (Rate, Cum-rate, BHP, Pressure, etc)
-History Matching
RESERVOIR FLOW SIMULATION
-Reservoir History (Rate, Cum-rate, BHP, Pressure, etc)
-History Matching
-Forcasting
-3D View of flowing properties
-Well Planning and sensitivity analysis
GEOMECHANICS SIMULATION
-Overburden
-Petrophysics (Lab Tests)
-Model (Burden faces)
-Mathematic Simulation (Finite Elements)
-Strain and grid deformation
GEOMECHANICAL MODELING COUPLED WITH
FLOW MODELING, COMPARISON BETWEEN
VISAGE/ECLIPSE AND ABAQUS/ECLIPSE
COUPLING.
-Types of couplings (Sugar box covered reservoir )
-Grid Generation to create all the burden faces
-North Sea
-Africa
-Conclusion and Results
INTRODUCTION
The link between fluid flow and geomechanics modeling in some stress
sensitive reservoirs has been growing during the last years.
– In conventional reservoir simulation the only geomechanical parameter involved is rock
compressibility, this parameter is not sufficient to represent rock behavior in response to stress
variation in sensitive reservoirs.
– The importance of geomechanics in problems such as wellbore stability, hydraulic fracturing, and
subsidence is well known effects on pressure can damage the oil and gas production and
forecasting from the reservoir.
– A modification of such parameters strongly affects the flow pattern in the reservoir, ultimate
recovery factor and the production rate, this could be a problem if we define economic limits or
compromise some daily production that could not be achieved or that has an over rate.
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COVERED SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR
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SUGAR BOX COVERED RESERVOIR
0 psi
Boundary condition fixed on the border
u=0
RESERVOIR
7 Regions (GRID WITH ECLIPSE)
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GEOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Young modulus
Biot’s Number
Poisson’s Ratio
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NEW ITERATIVE COUPLING
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Visage Modeler Get the pressures from
Run Eclipse simulation
(geomechanics eclipse file for all the
for n time step geomechanics steps
properties and regions)
Run Visage or Abaqus
Introduce pore pressures to the input processor for all the
Visage file *.MII or *.inp Abaqus geomechanical time steps
Get the strain conditions from the Create the multpv.dat to couple with Introduce the multpv.dat to the
output file *.MIO or *.dat Eclipse Eclipse data file
Pressure
Converged
ITERATIVE COUPLING
COMPLETED
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ITERATIVE COUPLING
VISAGE/ECLIPSE ABAQUS/ECLIPSE
2nd iteration
2nd iteration
1st iteration
1st iteration
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ITERATIVE COUPLING COMPARISON
Run Time per run Total
Method Coupling Iterations Simplicity
s (s) time
ABAQUS 3,512.97 psi Iterative Visage/Eclipse 36 7 6 1512 YES
VISAGE 3,339.41 psi Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse 1 7 139 973 YES
4.94 %
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ITERATIVE COUPLING COMPARISON
Method Coupling Runs Iterations Time per run (s) Total time Simplicity
Geomechanics Iterative Visage/Eclipse 36 7 6 1512 YES
Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse 1 7 139 973 YES
55 %
Flow
ABAQUS
VISAGE
Run Iteratio Time per Total
Method Coupling Simplicity
s ns run (s) time
Visage/Ecli
Iterative 1 7 1.17 8.16 YES
pse
Abaqus/Ecl
Iterative 1 7 0.74 5.18 YES
ipse
57 %
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CLASSICAL ITERATIVE EXPLICIT
COUPLING
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EXPLICIT COUPLING
Run Eclipse simulation Run Eclipse simulation Run Eclipse simulation
for time step k for time step k+1 for time step k+i
Get the pressures from eclipse file Get the pressures from eclipse file
Visage Modeler Visage Modeler
(geomechanics (geomechanics
properties and regions) properties and regions)
Introduce pore pressures to the Introduce pore pressures to the
input visage file .MII input visage file .MII
Run Visage processor Run Visage processor
Get the strain conditions from the Get the strain conditions from the
output file *.MIO output file *.MIO
Create the multpv.dat to couple with Create the multpv.dat to couple with
Eclipse Eclipse
Introduce the multpv.dat to the Introduce the multpv.dat to the
Eclipse data file Eclipse data file
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EXPLICIT COUPLING VS. ITERATIVE COUPLING (VISAGE-ECLIPSE)
ITERATIVE 3,326.97 psi
0.38%
EXPLICIT 3,339.41 psi
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COMPARISON TIME
Run Iteration Time per
Method Coupling Total time Simplicity
s s run (s)
GEOMECHANICS Explicit Visage/Eclipse 36 1 3 108 NO
Iterative Visage/Eclipse 36 7 6 1512 YES
Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse 1 7 139 913 YES
Run Time per
Method Coupling Iterations Total time Simplicity
s run (s)
ECLIPSE Explicit Visage/Eclipse 36 1 0.86 30.86 NO
Iterative Visage/Eclipse 1 7 1.17 8.16 YES
Iterative Abaqus/Eclipse 1 7 0.74 5.18 YES
Abaqus tends to takes less time for geomechanical and flow simulation
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SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR
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SIMPLE SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR
geomechanics
Constant cr
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SIMPLE SUGAR BOX RESERVOIR
6000 psi
4000 psi
4000 psi
6000 psi
U=0
U=0
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FIELD CASE 1 RESERVOIR
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FIELD CASE 1 RESERVOIR
So Sg
Water Injection
Natural Depletion
Sw
The Field case 1 is a
chalk oil saturated
reservoir located in the
north sea with a grid size
44 x 84 x 12 the
recovery is by water
injection
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GRID GENERATION VISAGE
•Region 1 Reservoir with porosity 0.30 – 0.45.
•Region 2 Reservoir with porosity < 0.3.
•Region 3 Overburden Pliocene
•Region 4 Overburden Lower Miocene
•Region 5 Overburden Middle Eocene
•Region 6 Overburden Paleocene
•Region 7 Sideburden left
•Region 8 Sideburden down
•Region 9 Underburden
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GRID GENERATION
IMPORT
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GRID GENERATION VISAGE
- Create Regions
- Introduce geomechanical
properties
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GRID GENERATION VISAGE
GRID INCREASES TO 52 X 92 X 21
Number of elements 100,464 for geomechanics simulation
Export
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VISAGE/ECLIPSE COUPLING
Geomechanic effects:
-Pressure increases
-Oil Production increases
-Gas production reduces
-Reservoir pore volume
reduces
1 2
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ABAQUS/ECLIPSE COUPLING
1st iteration
Geomechanic effects:
-Pressure increases
-Oil Production increases
-Gas production reduces
-Reservoir pore volume
reduces
2nd iteration
1st iteration
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VISAGE/ECLIPSE VS. ABAQUS/ECLIPSE
Visage
Abaqus
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COUPLING RUNNING TIME AND FILES
Geomechanical Time for each Number of
Total Time (s)
modeler iteration(s) iterations
Visage/Eclipse 1699.76 4 6799.04
Abaqus/Eclipse 2353.37 5 11766.85
Memory each Iterations Total Memory
Abaqus output
Memory each Total Memory step Ko (Files) Ko
Visage File Time steps
step Ko Ko *.dat 1 939 347 1 1 939 347
*.MIO 295 067 23 6 786 541 *.prt 13 911 1 13 911
*.PUN 73 755 23 1 696 365 *.odb 2 359 387 1 2 359 387
*.TOM 198 082 23 4 555 886 *.sim 648 1 648
Total 566 904 13 038 792 *.sta 2 1 2
Total 4 313 295 4 313 295
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FIELD CASE 1’S PRODUCTION RATE AND GEOMECHANICAL
EFFECT VISAGE/ECLIPSE
DAYS Oil Oil C Gas Gas C
62 6779 6779 8418.6826 8418.6826
1005 56833.891 56835.363 91674.734 91416.297
2010 62777.391 62777.391 114905.05 108594.31
3015 70007.289 70049.727 294661.19 238946.27
5207 59558.188 65326.781 210306.59 216809.98
6027 70785.766 75314.805 276853.53 271035.28
7002 54804.383 58903.531 244105.5 249293.16
8026 15495.454 18052.328 17876.432 22062.51
9010 13044.366 15421.486 12404.152 14384.31
10320 9186.0801 11290.666 8420.9053 9852.7373
16895 8485.0596 11100.296 5718.418 7673.5259
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FIELD CASE 1’S TOTAL PRODUCTION
DAYS Water Water C Oil Oil C Gas Gas C
32 1535.0338 1535.0338 51212 51212 67402.633 67402.633
W 16% 1005 769792.94 773437.19 34074632 34075212 51340596 51235600
2010 1833811.9 1937209 84365904 84367592 1.301042E+8 1.2771952E+8
3015 3234584.3 3454802.8 1.5310518E+8 1.5315774E+8 3.1404269E+8 2.8823923E+8
O 7% 4019 5868853 5988158.5 2.163992E+8 2.1721862E+8 6.2534765E+8 5.6395251E+8
5023 8859343 9083969 2.6837475E+8 2.7322573E+8 8.4478227E+8 7.8750886E+8
6027 13519105 14475820 3.3359606E+8 3.4339018E+8 1.0910167E+9 1.0314531E+9
G -2.4% 7002 22395172 25181944 3.9380746E+8 4.0830282E+8 1.3376705E+9 1.2847913E+9
8026 28185892 32290034 4.1937597E+8 4.3683005E+8 1.4335878E+9 1.3874934E+9
10320 36788964 43287640 4.4769296E+8 4.702017E+8 1.4608294E+9 1.418966E+9
13242 49225384 58753524 4.7224989E+8 4.9840038E+8 1.4821704E+9 1.4421184E+9
16895 82712896 96003112 5.0575725E+8 5.4026893E+8 1.5049455E+9 1.4704644E+9
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GAS CAP BEHAVIOR
30/sep/1982
01/jan/2002
01/jan/2006
01/jan/2020
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FIELD CASE 2 RESERVOIR
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FIELD 2
So Sg
Sw
Is a Field onshore located in Africa, it is
reservoir with a gas cap, production is by
water flooding, and gas in situ. 203 X 252
X 81
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GRID GENERATION
Number of elements 4 772 820
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VISAGE/ECLIPSE AND ABAQUS/ECLIPSE
Abaqus crashed before giving any output file
VISAGE OUTPUT FILES PER
MEMORY in Kb
TIME STEP
*.MIO 13 963 758
*.TOM 9 386 131
*.PUN 3 323 564
*.GEO 2 405 667
TOTAL 29 079 120
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CONCLUSIONS
-The forecast and pressure
changes with geomechanical
effects in stress sensitive
reservoirs.
-Iterative and Explicit coupling
are giving same results.
-Visage is easier to handle and
optional for each time step.
-Abaqus takes less memory
and time for geomechanical
modeling. However, not
capable to run for huge
models.
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THANK YOU
RESERVOIR GEOMECHANICS COUPLING – Pau France – 21/09/2012 49
