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Estimation of Potassium in Tap Water by Flame Photometer

This document discusses the principles and process of flame photometry for determining potassium concentration. Flame photometry works by measuring the intensity of light emitted when a metal is introduced to a flame. The intensity is directly proportional to concentration based on the Scheibe-Lomakin equation. The document outlines the instrumentation, experiment procedure involving standards and an unknown sample, and applications/advantages such as determining metals in water, glass, and soils.

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Mubeen Zafar
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67 views19 pages

Estimation of Potassium in Tap Water by Flame Photometer

This document discusses the principles and process of flame photometry for determining potassium concentration. Flame photometry works by measuring the intensity of light emitted when a metal is introduced to a flame. The intensity is directly proportional to concentration based on the Scheibe-Lomakin equation. The document outlines the instrumentation, experiment procedure involving standards and an unknown sample, and applications/advantages such as determining metals in water, glass, and soils.

Uploaded by

Mubeen Zafar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Industrial chemistry lab

Estimation of potassium in tap


water by flame photometer
Learning objectives

You will be able to understand :


 Principle of flame photometry
 Instrumentation and working of flame photometry
 Experiment involves in determination of potassium
 Application of flame photometry
 Advantages and disadvantaged of flame photometry
Flame photometer principle

 The
principle of flame photometer is bases on
measurement of emitted light intensity when a
metal is introduced into the flame
 Thewavelength and colors gives information
about element
Diagram of flame photometer
Working of flame photometer

 Burner produce flame


 Nebulizer and mixing chamber : convert liquid
sample to mist and spray fine particles into flame
with compressed jet of gases
 Monochromator absorb wavelength
 Detector it detects intensity of light coming out of
cell
 Meter display intensity of light
Experiment

 First wavelength is fixed at 589 nm using monochromator


 Both standard solution and sample solution are prepared in
distilled water
 Now instrument is switch on filter chamber are open to
insert appropriate color filters
 The blank sample is sprayed over a flame and meter
reading is set to zero
 Now series of standard samples of known concentration
are sprayed one by one and meter reading are noted
Concentration Meter reading
Blank sample 0
C1 E1
C2 E2
C3 E3
C4 E4
C5 E5
C6 E6
 Thecalibration graph is plotted with
concentration against intensity light
 Thesample is sprayed over a fame 3 times and
intensity of light emitted noted in meter
 Fromcalibration curve the concentration of
unknown element sample is detected
observation :

Concentration Absorbance

10 1.751

20 1.761

30 1.770

40 1.782

50 1.801

60 1.911
70 1.911

80 2.021

00 1.763

Result :
The concentration oF
unknown element in
sample is 22ppm
Process during flame photometry
analysis
 Desolation: It involves drying of sample in solution
 Vaporization: In this, metal particles in samples are
dehydrated
 Atomization: In this ,metal ions in sample reduced to
metal atoms
 Excitation:In this, atoms jump back to ground state when
high energy unstable to gain stability this jumping of
atoms emit radiations with characteristics wavelength
 The radiation is measured by meter
Scheibe –lomakin equation

I =k.cn
 I=Intensity of emitted light
 C=concentration of element
K =proportionality constant
 Thisequation shows intensity of light is directly
proportional to concentration
Element Emitted Flame color
wavelength
potassium 766nm Violet
Application of flame photometer

 Determine the presence of alkali and alkaline


earth metals in water such as K, Na,Mg,Ca
 Determine the presence of Na and K in glass melt
 Determine metals in cement samples
 Analysis of exchangeable cations in soil
 Very low concentration metals can be detected
Advantages and disadvantages of flame
photometer

Advantages Disadvantages
 Quick ,convenient and  Accurate concentration of
selective analysis metal not determined
 Quantitative and  Not directly determine
qualitative in nature presences of gases
 Simple and economical  Only liquid sample is used
 Compensates for any  Sample preparation
unexpected interfering become too lengthy some
material times

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