Presentation On

Timber and
its Products Presented By:
Riya Jain
Khushi Garg
Shreya kapur
Shivani Pal
 Introduction
The wood used for building or other
engineering purposes is called timber.
Timber is generally obtained from the
trunk of a tree. The timber is in the form
of living tree, The freshly felled tree and in
the form of felled tree.
 Characteristics
of Good Timber

Strong for
Free from
working as
shakes,
structural
A uniform Straight and Heavy in flaws, dead
Durable member
colour close fibres weight knots or
such as
blemishes
joint, beam,
of any kind.
rafter, etc.
 Advantages of Timber
over Other Materials

• It is stronger than other materials of construction in use.

• It can be easily worked to any size and shape.
• It can be joined to the required form easily.
• It can be used for furniture and other decorative fittings.
• Re-sale value is good.
• Non-conductor of heat and sound.
 Disadvantages of timber
• Its ready combustibility, which can be diminished but not eliminated even by
expensive treatment.
• Frame buildings built closely together present a serious conflagration hazard.
• Timber is destroyed by decay induced by fungi, and by insects that feed upon
the timber under favourable conditions. Decay may, however, be prevented by
the various methods that produce an environment unfavourable for the growth
of the causative organisms.
• Timber swells and undergoes shrinkage with changing atmospheric humidity.
 Seasoning of Timber
Seasoning of timber is the process of drying timber or removing
moisture or sap, present in a freshly felled timber, under more or
less controlled conditions.

If the timber is used without seasoning, it is liable to shrink,

warp and crack, and may even rot and decay.
 Objectives of
Seasoning

Check/minimise the tendency of timber to shrink, warp and split.

Increase strength, durability and electrical resisting power of the timber.

Make timber safe from attack of fungi and insects.

Maintain the shape and size of the components of the timber articles.

Make timber fit for receiving treatment of paints, preservatives and varnishes
 Advantages of Seasoning

• Seasoning makes the timber less liable to attack by insects and fungus.
• It decreases the weight of timber and makes it lighter.
• It enables timber to be easily painted, polished and preserved.
• It avoids defects appearing in timber during its use.
• It improves the strength properties of the timber and makes it more stable.
 ARTIFICAL
SEASONING

Methods
of
Seasoning
of Timber
Natural
WATER
SEASONING seasoning
Air Drying
 Natural seasoning
Or
Air Drying Seasoning
• In this method of seasoning the sawn timber is stacked in
a dry place about 30 cm above floor level with
longitudinal and cross pieces arranged one upon the
another, leaving a space of a few cms in between, for free
circulation of air.
• To keep wood clear of the ground, a suitable foundation is
provided.
• To protect the stacks of wood from direct sunlight either a
pitched roof is used or stacks are kept in shade.
• Wood seasoned by this method is generally fit for
carpenter's work after two years and for pointer's work
after nearly four years.
ADVANTAGES
The process is very slow
and extends over years.
For large stacks
Natural or air seasoning considerable space is
does not necessitate much required.
attention.
It blocks the capital for a
It is a simple and cheap

DISADVANTAGES
very long time.
method.
Even under favourable
There are comparatively conditions, it is difficult to
less chances of damage to reduce the moisture
the timber content to suit the
requirements of certain
jobs.
Timber may get damaged
by insects and fungi
during the seasoning
period.
Water seasoning
Advantages
It is a quick process.
The process reduces the
As immersion in water elasticity and durability of
causes more rapid and the timber.
regular drying, the tendency
of wood shrink or warp is The timber is rendered
reduced. brittle.

Disadvantages
As all organic food
materials present in the sap
wood are washed away, the
wood is rendered less liable
to be eaten away by worms
or to decay to dry rot.
 Artificial Seasoning
The artificial methods of seasoning are quick
and the moisture content can be kept under
control, which may vary from 4-12%
depending upon the tropical conditions of the
region where the product is to be used. For dry
regions the water content may be 46%
whereas in humid areas it may be around 10%.
The most common method of artificial
seasoning is kiln seasoning.
 KILN SEASONING

In this system the timber is seasoned under

controlled temperature and humidity conditions with
proper air circulation and ventilation system. The
rise in temperature should be such that the timber
retains the original strength and elasticity. The
required humidity level is maintained to avoid
warping and cracking.
Advantages
The moisture content can be
reduced as per requirement. This method is costly (though the
The timber can be seasoned space required is less).
thoroughly well and in short span It requires skilled labour.
of time under controlled
conditions. Due to the process of drying
being a quick, a continuous
The timber seasoned by the attention needs to be given to
method is less liable to shrinkage. check seasoning defects such as
The wood can be used warping, internal cracks, surface

Disadvantages
immediately as and when cracks and end-splits.
required.
The drying is controlled and there
are practically no chances for the
attack of fungi and insects.
The drying of different surfaces
is even and uniform.
 Timber Trees
of India

Deodar Babul Mango Tree Walnut

Tree Tree Tree
Bamboo Shisham Teak Sal
Tree Tree Tree Tree

Kail Mahogany Mulberry Chir

Tree Tree Tree Tree