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Reliability Engineering LECTURE 4

1) The document is a lecture on reliability engineering that discusses different failure distribution models including Weibull, normal, and lognormal distributions. 2) It provides equations for calculating reliability over time for systems using each distribution model depending on factors like the number of components and their individual failure parameters. 3) Examples are given of calculating mean time to failure, reliability at different time points, and design life for various systems using each distribution model. Redundancy techniques like unit and component redundancy and their effects on reliability are also covered.

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Krishna Prasath
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274 views

Reliability Engineering LECTURE 4

1) The document is a lecture on reliability engineering that discusses different failure distribution models including Weibull, normal, and lognormal distributions. 2) It provides equations for calculating reliability over time for systems using each distribution model depending on factors like the number of components and their individual failure parameters. 3) Examples are given of calculating mean time to failure, reliability at different time points, and design life for various systems using each distribution model. Redundancy techniques like unit and component redundancy and their effects on reliability are also covered.

Uploaded by

Krishna Prasath
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELIABILITY ENGINEERING – I SEM 2019-20

BITS Pilani Dr. ARUN MAITY


Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

MODULE 1: TIME DEPENDENT FAILURE MODELS: Normal and


Lognormal Distributions
Lecture No. 4 Chapter 4 T1
Failure Modes

•  For a system having n serially related components or having n independent


failure modes, each having an independent shape parameter ß and scale
parameter Ɵi:
• Failure rate is summation from i = 1 to i = n
ƛ(t) = ∑ ) ß-1

= ß t ß-1∑ (
Characteristic Life = [ ∑ ( ] -1/ß

• If the failure modes are all Weibull but with differing shape parameter, then
the system failure distribution will not be Weibull.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Identical Weibull Components

•  If a system of a serially related and independent components have identical


hazard rate function

• ƛ(t) = ∑ ) ß-1

= (t ) ß-1

R(t) = exp {– n ) ß}
This follows Weibull distribution with shape parameter ß and scale parameter

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Problem 4.3 Page 79

• A power supply consists of three rectifiers in series. Each rectifier has a


Weibull failure distribution with ß equal to 2.1. However, they have different
characteristic lifetimes given by 12000 hr, 18500 hr and 21500 hr. Find the
MTTF and the design life of the power supply corresponding to a reliability of
0.90.

• Given : n = 3 ß = 2.1 Ɵ 1 = 12000 Ɵ 2 = 18500 Ɵ 3 = 21500 R = 0.90

• To find: MTTF, td

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Solution

 
Ɵ = [ ( ) 2.1 + ( ) 2.1 +( ) 2.1 ] –

Ɵ = 9294.7 = 9295 hours

MTTF = Ɵ Γ (1 + ) = 9295 Γ1.476 = 9295 x 0.886 = 8235 hours

R(t) = exp {– ) ß} As
0.9 = exp { - () 2.1 hence td = 3184.5 hours

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Normal Distribution

•  Used to model fatigue and wear-out phenomena

• The probability density function of the normal distribution is represented by

f(t) = exp [ - ½ -∞ < t < ∞

R(t) = dt

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
 z = then z will be normally distributed with a mean 0 and variance1.

The pdf for z is given by ϕ (z) = exp [ - z2/2

Its cumulative distribution function ϕ (z) =


F(t) = Pr (T ≤ t ) = Pr ( ≤ ) = Pr ( z ≤ () = ϕ ()
R(t) = 1 – F(t) = 1 - ϕ ()
ƛ (t) = =

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Problem 4.9 Page 80

• The wear out of a machine part is normally distributed with 90 percent of the
failures occurring between 200 hr and 270 hr of use (i.e. 5% below 200 hr
and 5% above 270 hr) Find
A. Find the MTTF and the standard deviation of failure times
B. What is the reliability if the part is to be used for 210 hr and then replaced?
C. Determine the design life if no more than 1 % probability of failure prior to be
replacement is to be tolerated?
D. Compare the reliability for a 10hr use if the part has been operating for 200
hr (i.e find the conditional probability)

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


 A. For probability of 0.05, the value of z from normal distribution table is -1.645.
For the probability of 0.95, the value of z from normal distribution table is
1.645

Solving 2 equations, we get μ = 235 = MTTF and σ = 21.28


B. R(t) = 1 - ϕ () = 1 – ϕ () = 1 – ϕ (-1.175) = 1 – 0.120 = 0.88
C. R(td) = 1 - ϕ () = 0.99 ϕ () = 0.01 = -2.325
t = 185.6 hr
D. R(10| 200) = R(10 + 200)/R(200) = R(210)/R(200) = 0.879/0.9495 = 0.926

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Problem 4.15 Page 81

• A cutting tool wears out with a time to failure that is normally distributed with
a mean of 10 working days and a standard deviation of 2.5 days.

i. Determine its design life for a reliability of 0.99


ii. Find the reliability if the tool is replaced every (i) day (ii) 2 days (iii) 5 days
iii. Determine the probability that the cutting tool will last one more day given it
has been in use for 5 days.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


 i. R(t) = 1 - ϕ () = 1 - ϕ () = 0.99
ϕ () = 0.01
() = - 2.33 so td = 4.18 days
ii. . a. R(t) = 1 - ϕ () = 1 – 0.00016 = 0.99984
b. R(t) = 1 - ϕ () = 1 – 0.00069 = 0.99931
c. R(t) = 1 - ϕ () = 1 – 0.02275 = 0.97725
iii. R ( 1 | 5) = = = = 0.9672

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Lognormal Distribution

•  If the random variable T, the time to failure, has a lognormal distribution, the
logarithm of T has a normal distribution.
• The probability density function:

f(t) = exp [ - ½s2 (ln

MTTF = tmed exp s2/2)


σ2 = tmed2 { exp s2 – 1}
t mode =

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Redundancy

• Redundancy is used to increase the reliability of the system.


• Reliability in series is given by Rs = R1 x R2 X R3 x……..
• Reliability of system in series has the system reliability less than the smallest
reliability component

• Reliability in parallel Rp = 1 – { 1 – R1) (1-R2) (1-R3)…}


• Reliability of system in parallel has the system reliability higher than the
highest reliability component.

• Two Types of Redundancy : Unit and Component Redundancy

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


UNIT REDUNDANCY

• Two components A and B make a unit with a redundant unit as shown. Let
the reliability of each component be p
A B

A B

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Reliability of the unit redundancy system :
Rsu = 1 – (1-p2) (1 – p2)

= 1 – { 1 – 2p2 + p 4)

= 2 p2 – p 4

= p2 ( 2 – p 2 )

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


COMPONENT REDUNDANCY

• Each component has its own redundant unit and connected in series as
shown. Let each component has a reliability of p
A B

A B

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Reliability of component redundancy:

Rsc = { 1 – (1-p) 2 } { 1 – ( 1-p) 2 }

= { 1 – 1 + 2p – p 2} 2

= { 2p – p2 }2

= p 2( 2 – p ) 2

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Comparison

 =

= 1 + > 1 as p lies between 0 and 1

• Therefore reliability of component redundancy is more than the unit


redundancy.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Example

• Assume that there is a pump through which water need to be raised to a high
pressure tank and connected by two non-return valves as shown in the
figure. If each component has a reliability of 0.9, find the reliability of the
system.
Tank

NRV 1 NRV 2

Pump

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Reliability Block Diagram

NRV1

Pump
NRV2 Tank
Rs = p x { (1 – (1-p) 2 } x p

= 0.9 x 0.99 x 0.9 = 0.8019

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


THANK YOU

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus

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