Engineering Economy Module 3
Uploaded by
Stevenzel Eala EstellaEngineering Economy Module 3
Uploaded by
Stevenzel Eala EstellaModule 3
ANNUITY
Engr. Gerard Ang
School of EECE
Annuity
Ordinary Annuity
Ordinary Annuity – is a series of equal payments or
receipts occurring over a specified number of periods
with the payments or receipts occurring at the end of
each period. It is also referred as annuity-immediate.
0 1 n −𝐧
−𝐧 𝐧𝐧
2 3 𝟏 −(𝟏+𝐢) (𝟏+𝐢) − 𝟏
𝐏= 𝐀 [ 𝐢 ] 𝐅= 𝐀 [ 𝐢 ]
A A A A Where:
F P = present worth
A = series of periodic equal payments
P n = number of interest period
i = interest rate per interest period
P/A and A/P Factors:
Notation and Equations
Factor Factor Standard
Factor Excel
Find/Given Notation
Notation Name Formula Functions
Equation
Uniform-
series
(P/A,i,n) P/A P = A(P/A,i,n) PV(i%,n,A)
present
worth
Capital
(A/P,i,n) A/P A = P(A/P,i,n) PMT(i%,n,P)
recovery
F/A and A/F Factors:
Notation and Equations
Factor Factor Standard
Factor Excel
Find/Given Notation
Notation Name Formula Functions
Equation
Uniform-
series
(F/A,i,n) F/A F = A(F/A,i,n) FV(i%,n,A)
compound
amount
(A/F,i,n) Sinking fund A/F A = F(A/F,i,n) PMT(i%,n,,F)
Sample Problems on
Ordinary Annuity
1. What is the current value of a $50 payment to be made at
the end of each of the next three years if the prevailing
rate of interest is 7% compounded annually?
2. An obligation of Php20,000 is to be repaid in uniform
annual amounts each of which included repayment of the
debt and interest over a period of 5 years. If interest is 10%
per year, what is the annual payment?
3. Maintenance cost for a small bridge expected to last for
60 years is estimated to be Php1,000 each for the first 5
years, followed by a Php10,000 expenditure in the 15th
year and Php10,000 in the 30th year. If interest is 10% per
year, what is the equivalent uniform annual cost over the
60 year period?
Sample Problems on
Ordinary Annuity
4. What is the equivalent previous worth of Php500 annuity
to be paid constantly in 60 years 72 years ago, if annual
interest is 1%?
5. Find the annual payment to extinguish a debt of
Php10,000 payable for 5 years at 12% interest.
6. A savings loan is made between a man and banker. What
should be the uniform monthly payment that the man
should make if he is to borrow Php50,000 and he is to pay in
10 years? Interest is taken as 6% compounded quarterly.
7. What annuity is required over 10 years to equate with
the future amount of Php15,000. Assume i = 5%.
Deferred Annuity
Deferred Annuity – are annuities that are computed
on different present year and/or future year. It is
annuity where the first payment is made several
periods after the beginning of the annuity.
0 1 2 3 n
Where:
k k = number of deferred periods
A A A A
F
P
Methods of Solving
Deferred Annuity Problems
1. Draw the cash flow diagram.
2. Select any convenient focal date.
Temporary focal date is used to convert deferred annuity to
ordinary annuity
Final focal date is used to obtained the required value.
3. Project all values to temporary focal date.
−𝐧
𝟏 −(𝟏+𝐢)− 𝐧
𝐏 ′=𝐀 [ 𝐢 ]
4. Obtain the final value.
Where:
𝐏=
𝐏′ (𝟏+𝒊)−−𝒌𝒌 k = number of deferred periods
Sample Problems on
Deferred Annuity
1. Find the value of x in the cash flow diagram, given
that would make the equivalent present worth of the
cash flow diagram to Php22,000 and interest rate is at
13% per year.
1, 000 per 5x
year
0 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
22, 000
Sample Problems on
Deferred Annuity
2. Determine the uniform annual payments which would
be equivalent to the cash flow diagram given. Interest
rate of 12% per year.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
years
1,200
2,000
3,000
Annuity Due
Annuity Due – is a series of equal payments or
receipts occurring over a specified number of periods
with the payments or receipts occurring at the
beginning of each period.
−𝐧
𝟏 − ( 𝟏+𝐢 )− 𝐧
0 1 2 3 n
𝐏= 𝐀 [ 𝐢 ]
(𝟏+𝐢)
𝐧
( 𝟏+𝐢 )𝐧 − 𝟏
A A A A A
𝐅= 𝐀 [
𝐢
(𝟏+𝐢)]
F Where:
P P = present worth
A = series of periodic equal payments
n = number of interest period
i = interest rate per interest period
Sample Problems on
Annuity Due
1. What is the current value of a $50 payment to be
made at the beginning of each year, for three years if
the prevailing rate of interest is 7% compounded
annually?
2. What is the accumulated value of a $25 payment to
be made at the beginning of each of the next three
years if the prevailing rate of interest is 9%
compounded annually?
Perpetuity
Perpetuity – are uniform payments which
are done infinitely. It is also called as
perpetual annuity.
0 1 2 3 ∞
A A A A
F
P
Types of Perpetuity
0 1 2 3 ∞
1. Ordinary Perpetuity – first
payment is done one period
after the focal date.
A A A A
𝐏= 𝐀
𝐏= F
𝐢 P
0 1 2 3 8
2. Deferred Perpetuity – first
payment is done several k
periods after the focal date.
A A A
𝐏= 𝐀 −𝒌
𝐏= (𝟏+𝒊 )−𝒌
(𝟏+𝒊 ) F
𝐢 P
Where: k = number of deferred periods
Sample Problems on
Perpetuity
1. How much should Mr. Sy invest on a bank that offers
10% interest so that he would earn Php1,000 each
year in perpetuity.
2. Don Jose deposited Php5,000,000 on a bank that
earns 10% compounded annually. Five years later he
died. His will states that his beneficiary is an orphanage
which will be receiving the money in perpetuity a year
after he died. How much is the yearly fund the orphanage
will be receiving?
3. If money is worth 8% compounded quarterly, compute
the present value of the perpetuity of Php1,000
payable quarterly.
