Data

Analysis

Try to
remember!
Try to remember!

Data
Analysis

Measure of
Central
Measure of Measure of
Tendency Variability Position
Try to remember!

Data
Analysis

Measure of
Central
Measure of Measure of
Tendency Variability Position

Mean Median Mode

Try to remember!

Data
Analysis

Measure of Measure of Measure of

Central Position
Variability
Tendency

Standard
Range
Deviation
Try to remember!

Data
Analysis

Measure of Measure of Measure of

Central Position
Tendency
Variability

Quartile Decile Percentile

 Data
Analysis
Measures Measures
Measures Measures
of Central of
of Position of Shape
Tendency Variability

Skewness Kurtosis
Say something about the
illustration

Mean
Median
Mode
 Say something about the
illustration

ed c
rv ri
c u e t
l l - m
Be m
S y

Mean = Median = Mode

SKEWNESS
SKEWNESS
-measures the asymmetry of a data set
A data is considered symmetric if it has the
same appearance on the left and on the
right of the center point.
It gives the amount and the direction of the
skew of a data set or the degree of
symmetry of the distribution.
Mode Mean Mean Mode
Median Median

Positively skewed Negatively skewed

distribution / distribution /

Skewed to the right Skewed to the left

 Positively skewed Negatively skewed
distribution distribution

Mode Mean Mean Mode

Median Median

Mean < Median < Mode Mode > Median > Mean
majority of the data set is majority of the data set is
at the left side at the right side
the right tail is longer the left tail is longer
 Mean=Median

0
Normal Distribution

0 0
Positive skew Negative skew
Histogram illustration of skewness
Scenario . . .
Identify the skewness of the class scores in the
last quiz.
Based from the records:
N
 Total numberegofaitems in the last quiz is 20
tive
 Most of the class got layscore of 18
ske
 The mean of the class scoreswis ed15
 The middle score is 16
Mode = 18 Mean = 15 Median = 16
Mode > Median > Mean
 -a British statistician and the
leading founder of modern
statistics.
-One of his studies includes
measuring correlations and
fitting curves to data sets.
-He gave a formula to
Karl Pearson estimate skewness.
 
𝟑 (𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 − 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏) 𝟑 (x ̅ − x ̃ )
𝒔𝒌 = =
𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒔
 SKEWNESS
UNGROUPED
Example Determine the skewness of the
: following data on the height (in cm)
of 15 pre-school students.
80 82 88 88 90
91 92 92 93 94
94 95 96 96 96
Solution 80 82 88 88 90
FORMULA:
  : 𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ ) 91 92 92 93 94
𝒔𝒌 = 94 95 96 96 96
𝒔
x̅= x̃ = s=

Mean:
x̅   ¿ ¿
93+94 +94+ 95+96+96 +96 ¿/15
 

1367
 
x = 15  ¿ 𝟗𝟏 .𝟏𝟑
̅
Solution 80 82 88 88 90
FORMULA:
  : 𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ ) 91 92 92 93 94
𝒔𝒌 = 94 95 96 96 96
𝒔
x̅= 𝟗𝟏 .𝟏𝟑 x̃ = s=

Median:
 
x ̃   = 92 middle value
Solution 80 82 88 88 90
FORMULA:
  : 𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ ) 91 92 92 93 94
𝒔𝒌 = 94 95 96 96 96
𝒔
x̅= 𝟗𝟏 .𝟏𝟑 x̃ =  𝟗𝟐 s=
Standard Deviation:
2
 
 
𝒔
 
¿ √ 𝑛∑ 𝑥 −¿¿¿¿¿
2
15 ( 124 915 ) −(1367)
¿
𝒔 = 4.9
  √15(15 −1)
Solution
FORMULA:
  : 𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ )
𝒔𝒌 =
𝒔

x̅= 𝟗𝟏 .𝟏𝟑 x̃ =  𝟗𝟐 s =  𝟒 .𝟗

𝒔𝒌 =
 
¿ −𝟎 . 𝟓𝟑
   
  
𝒔𝒌 ¿ −𝟎 . 𝟓𝟑
 

Interpretation:
Since the value of the skewness is a
negative number, it implies that the data is
skewed to the left. Majority of the heights of
the students are greater than the mean and
median height of the group.
 SKEWNESS
GROUPED
Example Determine the skewness of the data below
The table shows the weight (in lb.) of 100
:
randomly selected dogs in a dog shelter.
Weight (in lb.) Frequency (f)
60-62 5
63-65 17
66-68 42
69-71 27
72-74 9
 FORMULA:
Solution  𝒔𝒌 = 𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ )
: 𝒔
x̅= x̃ = s=
Cumulative
Weight Frequency Class
frequency
(in lb.) (f) mark (x) (cf)

60-62 5 61 5 305 3 721 18 605

63-65 17 64 22 1 088 4 096 69 632
66-68 42 67 64 2 814 4 489 188 538
69-71 27 70 91 1 890 4 900 132 300
72-74 9 73 100 657 5 329 47 961
Solution
FORMULA:
:  
𝟑( x ̅ − x ̃ )
𝒔𝒌 =
𝒔
x̅= 67.54 x̃ = 67.5 s= 2.97

 
𝒔𝒌 =
 

 
𝒔𝒌 ¿ 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟒
 
  
𝒔𝒌 ¿ 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟒
 

Interpretation:
The skewness of the given data set is
0.04. It is positively skewed. Therefore,
most of the dogs have weights that are
less than the mean and median weights.
When interpreting skewness, you may refer
to the following:

Skewness value Interpretation

< -1 or >1 Highly skewed
-1 to -0.5 and 0.5 to 1 Moderately skewed
-0.5 to 0.5 Approximately symmetric

A skewness value that is closer to zero indicates

that the data set is approximately symmetric.
 Let’s do the
interpretation!
  
𝒔𝒌 ¿ −𝟎 . 𝟓𝟑
  Moderately
Skewed

Interpretation:
Since the value of the skewness is a
negative number, it implies that the data is
skewed to the left. Majority of the heights of
the students are greater than the mean and
median height of the group.
 Approximately
 
𝒔𝒌 ¿ 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟒
 

symmetric
Interpretation:
The skewness of the given data set is
0.04. It is positively skewed. Therefore,
most of the dogs have weights that are
less than the mean and median weights.
Let’s do the
EXERCISE!
 Let’s do the
EXERCISE!

1 Determine the skewness of the given data

set.
Frequency of scores in Math quiz of all
Grade-10 students (n=160)
Score 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Frequency 3 5 4 18 19 20 28 28 23 12
 Let’s do the
EXERCISE!

2How is the measure of skewness different

from other measures of data analysis and
interpretation?
Solving Skewness using
MS Excel
STEP

1 Enter all the data set in a column of a Microsoft

Excel spreadsheet.
STEP

Go to Formulas in the Menu bar and click the Insert

2 Function, then select the category Statistical
To find the skewness of the data set, select
the function SKEW, then press Enter..
STEP

3 In the Function Arguments dialog box, input in the

Array section the selected data set in the
spreadsheet. Click OK.
Let’s check how much
you had learn!
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

1.
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

2.
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

3.
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23
2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19
3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38
4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75
5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26
2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65
3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55
4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5
5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33
TEST
Directions: Solve for the solutions of the
II following situations.

I1. Determine the skewness of the given data set.

The data below show the pulse rate (in beats
per minute) of 25 female employees.
83 75 78 63 79
57 84 73 65 70
58 80 65 60 54
76 72 75 74 83
81 84 78 77 66
TEST
Directions: Solve for the solutions of the
II following situations.

I2. Given a skewness of 1.35, a median of

50.3, and a standard deviation of 1.1, find
the mean of the data set. Sketch an
illustration of the shape of the data set.
Indicate the positions of mean and
median in the illustration.
Let’s check your
answer!
Click here
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

1.

Answer
 Positively
skewed

Mode Mean
Median
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

2.

Answer
Negatively
skewed

Mean Mode
Median
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set
I illustrated is positively skewed, negatively
skewed, or symmetric.

3.

Answer
Mean=Median=Mode

Symmetric
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
 1.

-0.5 to 0.5 Approximately

symmetric
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
 2.

< -1 or >1 Highly skewed

TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
 3.

-0.5 to 0.5 Approximately

symmetric
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
 4.
-1 to -0.5 & Moderately
0.5 to 1 skewed
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
 5.

-0.5 to 0.5 Approximately

symmetric
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set A
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 23 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .19 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 38 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 75 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 25 Answer
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
 1.

< -1 or >1 Highly skewed

TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
 2.

< -1 or >1 Highly skewed

TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
 3.
-1 to -0.5 & Moderately
0.5 to 1 skewed
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
 4.

< -1 or >1 Highly skewed

TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
 5.

-0.5 to 0.5 Approximately

symmetric
TEST
Directions: Determine whether the data set with
II the given skewness is highly skewed, moderately
skewed or symmetric.
Set A – to be answered by Group 1,3,5 only
Set B – to be answered by Group 2,4 only

Set B
1.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=2 . 26 Answer

2.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=1 .65 Answer

3.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=0 . 55 Answer

4.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=3 .5 Answer

5.  𝑠𝑘𝑒𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠=−0 . 33 Answer
TEST
Directions: Solve for the solutions of the
II following situations.

I1. Determine the skewness of the given data set.

The data below show the pulse rate (in beats
per minute) of 25 female employees.
83 75 78 63 79
57 84 73 65 70
58 80 65 60 54
76 72 75 74 83
81 84 78 77 66
 Who would like to
answer on the board!
TEST
Directions: Solve for the solutions of the
II following situations.

I2. Given a skewness of 1.35, a median of

50.3, and a standard deviation of 1.1, find
the mean of the data set. Sketch an
illustration of the shape of the data set.
Indicate the positions of mean and
median in the illustration.
 Who would like to
answer on the board!
We say ,
life is skewed.
we are living in a world of asymmetry.

But God say,

we are all equal.
in his eyes, we are all in symmetry.
Keep your faith!
You are blessed in every way!
- end -
Prepared by:
ANGEL FRENZ ENCANTO