REFERAT
EFFECTIVENESS OF
VARICELLA
VACCINE
Sul Fadly (70700119003)
Pembimbing :
dr. Nurul Rumila Roem
DEPARTEMEN ILMU KESEHATAN KULIT DAN
KELAMIN
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN DAN ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI ALAUDDIN MAKASSAR
2020
01. 02.
INTRODUCTION LITERATUR REVIEW
03.
CONCLUSION
01.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Varicella is a disease caused by
infection with the Varicella Zoster virus.
The virus can also cause herpes zoster.
These two diseases have different clinical
manifestations. Varicella generally
affects children, whereas herpes zoster or
shingles is a reactivation of endogenous
infections in the latent period. VZV
generally affects adults or children who
suffer from immune deficiency.
02.
LITERATUR
REVIEW
Varicella
Definition Epidemiology
Varicella is a primary acute Varicella can occur all year round.
infectious disease by the Varicella Research has never been carried
Zoster virus which attacks the out in Indonesia, it seems that viral
skin, mucosa and mucous diseases attack during the
membranes, clinically there are transitional season. The incidence
constitutional symptoms, rate in our country has never been
polymorphic skin disorders studied, but in America it is said
characterized by the presence of that approximately 3.1-3.5 million
vesicles, especially located in the cases are reported each year
central part of the body.
“
Varicella is caused by the Varicella Zoster
Virus (VZV). The naming of this virus
implies that the primary infection of this
virus causes varicella disease, while
reactivation causes herpes zoster.
Etiology
Pathogenesis
VVZ enters the body
Multiplication virus at
through the mucosa of Spread through blood
the place of entry (port Primary viremia
the upper respiratory and lymph vessels
d'entry)
tract and oropharynx
If it fails to eliminate
Varicella eruption Immune response to
the virus, secondary
(clinical symptoms) VVZ
viremia occurs
Clinical Manifestation
Prodromal Skin Eruption
Fever, malaise, and headache Erythematous papules which within a
few hours turn into vesicles that are
like dew drops (tear drops) over an
erythematous base, after which the
vesicles become cloudy like pustules
and then become crusted.
Clinical Manifestation
Spread mainly in the body area and
then spread centrifugally to the face
and extremities, and can attack the
mucous membranes of the eyes,
mouth and upper airway. If there is
secondary infection there is enlarged
regional lymph nodes. This disease
is usually accompanied by proritus
Diagnosis
Physical Additonal
Anamnesis
examination examination
Tzanck test
Same with clinical Predilection and
PCR
manifestation eflloresence
Biopsy
Serologic test
Tzanck test
Making erase
preparations tinged with
Giemsa. The material is
taken from the base
scrapings of the vesicles
and will get multi-
nucleated giant cells
Therapy
Treatment is symptomatic :
Fever is given antipyretics and analgesics, such as
paracetamol. Avoid salicylates and aspirin
Itching is given a sedative or antihistamine which has a
sedative effect
If secondary infection develops, oral antibiotics or
ointments may be given
Local therapy :
Given a powder that is added with anti-itching
substances (menthol or camphora)
Anti Virus :
If previously there has been a household suffering from
varicella or in immunocompromised patients
Differential Diagnosis
Variola Herpes Zoster
more severe disease, gives a picture of In herpes zoster the lesions are monomorphic,
monomorphic lesions, and its spread is painful, usually unilateral and striped in
centripetal starting from the acral part of relation to the dermatome area with the lesion
the body, namely the palms and soles of in the form of small bubbles clustered on an
the feet, new to the body erythematous base.
Dermatitis Herpetiform Impetigo
usually symmetrical consisting of The first impetigo lesions are vesicles that
erythematous vesicular papules, and rapidly become pustules and crusts. The
there is a history of chronic disease, and distribution of the impetigo lesions is
heal with leaving pigmentation. anywhere. Impetigo does not attack the
oral mucosa.
Differentian Diagnosis
Variola Herpes Zoster
Dermatitis Herpetiform Impetigo
Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine
The varicella vaccine is a preventive measure that can be done against
varicella disease
The varicella vaccine comes from an attenuated strain. The seroconversion
rate reaches 97% -99%.
Vaccine effectiveness, after administration of a single dose of varicella antigen
vaccine, 97% of children 12 months to 12 years of age develop detectable
antibody titres. Whereas more than 90% of vaccine respondents retain
antibodies for at least 6 years.
Effectiveness of Varicella Vaccine
In the Japanese study, 97% of the children had antibodies 7 to 10 years after
vaccination. Vaccine efficacy is estimated to have 70% to 90% resistance to
infection, and 90% to 100% resistance to moderate or severe disease.
Among healthy adolescents and adults 13 years of age and older, an average
of 78% developed antibodies after one dose, and 99% developed antibodies
after the second dose given 4 to 8 weeks later.
Infections in vaccinated individuals were significantly less severe, with few
lesions (usually less than 50), many of which were maculopapular rather than
vesicular. Where most people who have had previous vaccinations do not
develop fever.
03.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
1. Varicella is a primary acute infection by the varicella zoster virus that attacks
the skin and mucosa, clinically there are constitutional symptoms,
polymorphic skin disorders, mainly located in the central part of the body.
2. Usually begins with prodrome symptoms, namely fever that is not too high,
malaise, and headache, then followed by the appearance of erythematous
papules which within a few hours turn into vesicles. Where the vesicles will
develop into, pustules, and then become crusted.
3. Spread mainly in the body area and then spread centrifugally to the face and
extremities, and can attack the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth and
upper respiratory tract.
Conclusion
4. To help the diagnosis, a Tzanck experiment can be carried out which is taken
from the base of the vesicles and obtained multi-nucleated datia cells.
5. For treatment can be given antivirals, such as acyclovir, valaciclovir, and
vamciclovir. In addition, antipyretics and analgesics can also be given, as well
as a powder added with anti-itching substances to prevent premature rupture
of the vesicles and reduce itching.
6. Prevention can be done with the varicella vaccine that comes from an
attenuated strain.
THANKS!
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