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08 String

Strings are arrays of characters that end with a null character. They can be used to represent text. A string is declared as an array of char with enough space to store the characters plus null terminator. Standard library functions like strlen, strcpy, strcmp can manipulate strings. Strings can be represented using a character pointer or a 2D array of characters.

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86 views14 pages

08 String

Strings are arrays of characters that end with a null character. They can be used to represent text. A string is declared as an array of char with enough space to store the characters plus null terminator. Standard library functions like strlen, strcpy, strcmp can manipulate strings. Strings can be represented using a character pointer or a 2D array of characters.

Uploaded by

darshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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STRING

PDPU
What are strings?

 A one dimensional array of characters


terminated by a NULL (‘\0’) (ASCII value
0).
 Used to manipulate text such as words
and sentences.
 Each character in the array occupies one
byte of memory.
Declaring a string…

 char name[10];
– can store maximum 9 characters.
 char name[10] = “PDPU”;

P D P U \0
Declaring a string…

 char name[ ] = “PDPU”;


 char name[ ] = { ‘P’ , ‘D’ , ‘P’ , ‘U’ , ‘\0’ };

P D P U \0
Program to print a string character by
character…

void printstring (void)


{
char name[ ] = “PDPU”;
int i = 0 ;
while (name[ i ] != ‘\0’)
{
cout << name[ i++ ];
};
}
Program to print a string (char by char)
using pointer…

void printstring (void)


{
char name[ ] = “PDPU”;
char * ptr = name;
while (*ptr != ‘\0’)
{
cout << *ptr ; ptr++;
}
}
Standard library functions
(Defined in string.h)…

 strlen(s) : returns length of a string s.


 strcpy(t,s) : copies source string to target
string.
 strlwr(s) : converts a string to lower case.
 strupr(s) : converts a string to upper case.
 strcmp(t,s) : compares whether two
strings are equal or not.
 strrev(s) : reverses string s.
int strlen ( char * ) function

 returns length of the string.


 e.g. char s1[30] = “Computer Programming”;
int l = strlen(s1) will store 20 in l.
 cout << strlen(s1) will display 20 on screen.
 It will not count last terminal character
(NULL ‘\0’).
Our own function to count length of a
string…

int xstrlen ( char * s)


{
int length = 0;
while ( *s != ‘\0’ )
{
length++; s++;
};
return (length);
}
strcpy ( ) function…

 char s1[30];
 s1 = “Computer Programming” // illegal.
 we have to use strcpy function.
 e.g. strcpy(s1,“Computer Programming”);
will copy “Computer Programming” in s1.
Our own function to copy one string
to another string…

void xstrcpy(char * t, const char * s)


{
while ( *s != ‘\0’ )
{
*t = *s; s++ ; t++;
};
*t = ‘\0’;
}
Can you write your own functions…

 To convert a string to a lower case.


 To convert a string to an upper case.
 To reverse the string.
 To concatenate two strings.
 To find the position of a character in a
given string.
Two dimensional array of characters…

 char name[5][10] = { “Swapnil” , “Prerak” ,


“Tushar” , “Swastika”, “Priyanka” };
2411397060 S w a p n i l \0

2411397070 P r e r a k \0

2411397080 T u s h a r \0

2411397090 S w a s t i k a \0

2411397100 P r i y a n k a \0

name[4] name[4][9]
Using 2-D array of characters

 cout << name[0] will display “Swapnil”.


 cout << name[4] will display “Priyanka”.
 cout << name[3][2] will display ‘a’.
 &name[0] or name will display 2411397060.
 &name[1] or name+1 will display 2411397070.

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