Presented by
A RAMESH (17BF5A0206)
M HIMA SAGAR (16BF1A0256)
B CHARAN KUMAR (16BF1A0211)
G NIKIL KUMAR. (16BF1A0235)
Under The Guidance
of
[Link] REDDY Ph.D.
Department of EEE
Objective of the Project
• The main aim of the project is to protect the load
from over voltage and under voltage .
• We use here a new technology ,the Arduino uno ,
voltage sensor and relay is the main components to
protect the load from over voltage and under voltage .
COMPONENTS
AURDINO
16×2 LCD SCREEN
POTENTIOMETER
VOLTAGE SENSOR
REGULATOR
RELAY
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
OPERATION
AC voltage monitoring and Protection against Overvoltage and
Under voltage.
Rectifier circuit converts AC to DC.
The key task of the Regulator is to generate a variable voltage
source.
Therefore, various voltage conditions including normal voltage,
overvoltage, and undervoltage can be created by tuning the knob
on the front of the Regulator.
In order to measure voltage of a circuit, the voltage signals from
the voltage senser is sampled in the Arduino Uno.
All electrical quantities are measured and displayed locally on the
LCD on the front of the system.
By connecting relay, the system will trip overvoltage and undervoltage
conditions to isolate the load out of the power supply. Then the load
will be supplied again if the voltage of power supply is between Vmin
and Vmax.
Voltage Sensor
This voltage sensor simply consists of two resistors connected in series.
the maximum input voltage of this voltage sensor is 25volts. So for 25v
we get exactly 5 volts.
voltage Monitoring
Vin = 25v,R1 = 30k ohm,r2 = 7.5k ohm
We can find out the Output voltage, by using the voltage divider formula
which is
Vout = ( r2 x vin ) / ( r1 + r2)
vout = (7.5 x 1000 x 25) / (30k + 7.5k)
vout = 187500 / 37500
vout = 5 Volts
If we increase the input voltage the output voltage will also increase
above 5v which can damage the analog pin of the controller. So for this
we need to add another resistor in series. Let’s say we want to monitor
voltages up to 310 volts. Let’s first of all find the current of the voltage
sensor.
Using v = ir
v = IR we can find the current,I = V / R
I = 25 / ( 30k + 7.5K),I = 25 / 37.5K
I = .000666 amps ~= 666 micro amps.
Now lets calculate the value of the resistor, which can be used in series
with this voltage sensor to monitor 310volts.
Vx = 310 which is the input voltage
Rx = (Vx – 25 ) / 666 micro amps
Rx = 310 – 25 / 666 micro amps
Rx = .427 x 1000000
Rx = 428k ohm
ARDUIN0 UNO
The purpose of microcontroller is to protect the load from over
voltage and under voltage
Arduino is the type of microcontroller.
Ardunio UNO has been used as the control unit for the project.
The developed code is uploaded in ardunio
Our Program works by comparing the voltages of the voltage
sensor and operates the relay and also displays the type of
voltage on LCD screen
ARDUINO PIN DESCRIPTION
LCD DISPLAY
we will be displaying the voltage
on a 16×2 LCD.
If the voltage is less than given
rating then it displays voltage
rating and fault as "Under
Voltage".
If the voltage is greater than
given rating then it displays
voltage rating and fault as "Over
Voltage".
If the voltage is within limits then
it displays voltage rating and
"Normal Voltage".
1-Channel Relay
A relay is an electrically
operated Switch
Relays are used to protect the
electrical system and to
minimize the damage to the
equipment connected in the
system due to over voltages
These are used to control
the high voltage circuit
with low voltage signal in
applications
CONCLUSION
Very simple, user-friendly software and hardware simulators are created to
represent a branch of the Load with the designed OV/UV relay.
A software program is formulated using c-code and easily integrated to the
hardware circuit.
The designed microcontroller monitors the network voltage and the OV/UV
relay energies in case that its value exceeds a preset limit according to given
PLAN OF EXECUTION
STARTING DATE (02-01-2020) : ABSTRACT SUBMISSION
FIRST REVIEW (23-01-2020) : PROJECT INTRODUCTION
SECOND REVIEW (03-03-2020) : COLLECTING COMPONENTS AND
DEVELOPING OF AURDUINO CODE
THIRD REVIEW (16-03-2020) : ASSEMBLE OF COMPONENTS
END DATE : 20-04-2020
