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The Relationship of Gibbs Free Energy Keq and Q

Here are the key steps to solve these types of problems: 1) Given: Keq = 9.1 x 10-6 2) Use equation 3: ΔG° = -RTlnKeq 3) Plug in values: ΔG° = -8.314 J/mol*K x 298 K x ln(9.1 x 10-6) = 16.2 kJ 4) The reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. 5) Use equation 4: ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnQ 6) Plug in values and solve for direction.

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237 views11 pages

The Relationship of Gibbs Free Energy Keq and Q

Here are the key steps to solve these types of problems: 1) Given: Keq = 9.1 x 10-6 2) Use equation 3: ΔG° = -RTlnKeq 3) Plug in values: ΔG° = -8.314 J/mol*K x 298 K x ln(9.1 x 10-6) = 16.2 kJ 4) The reaction will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium. 5) Use equation 4: ΔG = ΔG° + RTlnQ 6) Plug in values and solve for direction.

Uploaded by

kuhlayre
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Relationship of

GIBB’S FREE ENERGY (∆G),


Keq and Q

August 19, 2010


Recall
Q < Keq forward reaction; Q/Keq < 1
Q > Keq backward reaction; Q/Keq > 1
Q = Keq at equilibrium; Q/Keq = 1
Gibb’s Free energy
• Spontaneity
∆G < 0 spontaneous
∆G > 0 non-spontaneous
∆G = 0 at equilibrium
• Direction
∆G < 0 forward rxn is spontaneous
∆G > 0 backward rxn is spontaneous
∆G = 0 at equilibrium

• Equations:
1. ∆Grxn = ∆Gproducts - ∆Greactants
2. ∆G = ∆H - T∆S

where: ∆H = enthalpy
T = temperature
∆S = entropy
Gibb’s Free energy
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

T = 298K
∆GSO2 = -300.2kJ/mol ; ∆GO2 = 0kJ/mol; ∆GSO3 = -371kJ/mol
(from Std Thermodynamic Values for selected subs at 298K)

∆Grxn = ∆Gproducts - ∆Greactants


= 2(-371) – [2(-300.2) + 0]
= -141.6kJ
Gibb’s Free energy
2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)

T = 900C = 1173
∆HSO2 = -296.8kJ/mol; ∆HO2 = 0kJ/mol; ∆HSO3 = -396kJ/mol
∆SSO2 = 248.1J/molK; ∆SO2 = 205J/molK; ∆SSO3 = 256.66J/molK
(from Std Thermodynamic Values for selected subs at 298K)

∆Hrxn = ∆Hprdts - ∆Hreactants = 2(-396) – [2(-296.8) + 0] = -198.4kJ/mol


∆Srxn = ∆Sprdts - ∆Sreactants = 2(256.66) – [2(248.1) + 205] =-187.88J/molK
∆Grxn = ∆H - T∆S
= -198.4 – 1173(-0.18788) = 21.98kJ
APPLICATIONS
Relationship of ∆G, Keq and Q
Q/Keq < 1, then ln Q/Keq < 0: ∆G < 0 FR, s
Q/Keq > 1, then ln Q/Keq > 0: ∆G > 0 BR, ns
Q/Keq = 1, then ln Q/Keq = 0: ∆G = 0 equil, e

∆G = RT ln Q/Keq = RT ln Q – RT lnKeq

@ std condns : 1M, 1atm


∆G = RT ln 1 – RT lnKeq
∆G◦ = – RT ln Keq
***small ∆G = large effect on Keq
∆G◦ Keq Sig

200 9.0x10-36 no FR;


100 3.0x10-18 BR goes to
50 2.0x10-9 completion
10 2.0x10-2
1 7.0x10-1
0 1 FR=BR
-1 1.5
-10 5.0x101
-50 6.0x108 FR goes to
-100 3.0x1017 completion;
-200 1.0x1035 no BR
∆G = RT ln Q/Keq = RT ln Q – RT lnKeq (1)

• @ std condns : 1M, 1atm


∆G = RT ln 1 – RT lnKeq (2)
∆G◦ = – RT ln Keq (3)
• For non-std conditions
∆G = RT ln Q + ∆G◦ (4)
∆G = ∆G◦ + RT ln Q
Problems
The equilibrium constant for the reaction is Kc =
9.1 x 10-6 at 298K
2Fe3+ (aq) + Hg22+(aq) <=>2Fe2+(aq) + 2Hg2+(aq)
a) What is ∆G at this temperature?
b) If standard state concentrations of the reactants
and products are mixed, in which direction will
the reaction proceed?
c) Calculate ∆G when [Fe3+] = 0.2M, [Hg22+] =
0.01M, [Fe2+] = 0.01M and [Hg2+] = 0.025M. In
which direction will the reaction proceed?
Problems
Calculate Keq at 298K for each reaction:
a. 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) <=> 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g)
b. 2HCl(g) <=> H2(g) + Cl2(g)

∆G◦ (kJ/mol)
H2S(g) = -33 HCl(g) = -95.30 SO2(g) = -300.2
O2(g) = 0 H2(g) = 0
H2O(g) = -228.60 Cl2(g) = 0

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