MODULE 2:

CP Factors

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, the participants
will be able to:
1. Explain the importance of coordination in CP
2. Discuss the relevance of DRRM and CM in CP
3. Explain the early warning signs as bases for
CP action
4. Relate CP with other DRRM mechanisms
5. Explain the contingency plan cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Scope
1. Coordination
2. DRRM and CM
3. Early Warning Signs
4. Linkage of CP to other DRRM
Mechanisms
5. Contingency Plan Cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course

Coordination

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Game: Puzzle

Instruction:
Solve the puzzle to complete the image.

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Coordination

“The orchestration of effort

toward appropriate, effective,
efficient, and coherent delivery
of humanitarian services
through the systematic use of
policy instruments.”
(Bennett et al. 2006)

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Coordination
“The systematic process of different
stakeholders coming together for strategic
planning, gathering data and managing
information, mobilizing resources, ensuring
accountability, orchestrating a functional division of
labor and negotiating and or maintaining a
serviceable framework.”
(Kanwar, S., 2008)

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Why Coordination?
• Common element in DRRM and CM.

• Coordination is the key to successful CP

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Lack of CP skills,
Ineffectual or
knowledge, experience
inappropriate
and authority
leadership

Threat to BARRIERS TO Lack of

autonomy Trust
COORDINATION

Centralization and Staff Fragmentation

bureaucracy turnover Contingency Planning Training Course
 Remember!
Coordination in CP requires concerted effort and
an attitude that values and appreciates its benefits.

Contingency Planning Training Course

DRRM and CM

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management (DRRM)
“The systematic process of using
administrative directives,
organizations, and operational
skills and capacities to implement
strategies, policies and improved
coping capacities in order to
lessen the adverse impacts of
hazards and the possibility of
disaster.”

Contingency Planning Training Course

DRRM Four Thematic Areas
Safer, adaptive and
disaster resilient Filipino
communities towards
sustainable development

Disaster
Rehabilitation
and Recovery
Vice Chair: NEDA

Disaster Disaster
Response Preparedness
Vice Chair: DSWD Vice Chair: DILG

Disaster
Prevention and
Mitigation
Vice Chair: DOST

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council
(DRRMC)
• Organized and authorized body of
government agencies, CSOs and private
sector, mandated to undertake DRRM
activities from the national to local levels

• Powers and functions are defined in RA

10121

Contingency Planning Training Course

 NDRRMC Members:
• 15 depts: DOH, DENR, DA, DepEd,

Composition DOE, DOF, DTI, DOT, DBM, DPWH,

DFA, DOJ, DOLE, DOTr & DICT

• 12 gov’t agencies: OES, OPAPP, CHED

Chairperson: AFP, PNP, OPS, NAPC, PCW, HUDCC,
Secretary, DND CCC, & PHILHEALTH

Vice-Chairpersons: • 2 gov’t financial institutions: GSIS & SSS

Sec, DOST – Prevention & Mitigation
• 1 quasi-government agency: PRC
Sec, DILG – Preparedness
Sec, DSWD – Disaster Response
• 5 LGU Leagues
DG, NEDA – Rehab & Recovery
• 4 Civil Society Organizations
Executive Director:
OCD Administrator • 1 Private Sector Organization

Contingency Planning Training Course

 DRRM Network

1 NATIONAL DRRM COUNCIL

17 REGIONAL DRRM COUNCILS
81 PROVINCIAL DRRM COUNCILS
145 CITY DRRM COUNCILS
1,489 MUNICIPAL DRRM COUNCILS
42,029 BARANGAY DRRM COMITTEES

Contingency Planning Training Course

Crisis Management (CM)
“Involves plans and institutional
arrangement to engage and
guide the efforts of government,
non-government, voluntary and
private agencies in
comprehensive and coordinated
ways to respond to the entire
spectrum of crisis needs.”

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Five Ps of CM
Attempts to remove uncertainty;
Predict Strategic, Operational, and Tactical
Awareness processes
A deliberate action aimed at avoiding
Prevent future harm by addressing its causes;
Closely related to MITIGATION
Essential activities for effective response;
covers six (6) essential activities: plan,
Prepare organize, train, equip, exercise and
evaluate to improve.

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Five Ps of CM
The actual implementation of
contingency plans when a crisis occurs,
Perform despite the proactive measures
undertaken
Begins when the crisis has been
addressed and the situation is deemed
Post- Action clear; organization is returning to
and business as usual; activities that seek
Assessment ways to evaluate and improve
prevention, preparation and the
actual execution.

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Crisis Management
Committee (CMC)
• Governing body that undertakes CM activities
and take decisive actions to resolve crisis or
emergency

• Powers and functions are defined in the

NCMCM 2012

Contingency Planning Training Course

 LOCAL LEVEL
• Barangay CMC
• Municipal CMC
Responsible for mobilizing resources; coordinating
• City CMC
Inter-agency efforts, and ensuring that the operational demands
• Provincial CMC during the crisis period are met.
• Regional CMC

NATIONAL LEVEL
Executive Committee / Highest policy and decision making body in
National Crisis Management managing human induced crises at the national level.
Committee (EXECOM/NCMC) Headed by the President and of the Executive Secretary

Conducts inter-agency Horizon Scanning on emerging

human-induced threats/crises; recommend appropriate
responses; identify policy issues for resolution and decision
Sub-Committee, NCMC
making of the Execom / NCMC.
Headed by the National Security Adviser

Anti-Terrorism Council
National Coast Watch Council
Overseas Preparedness and Mandated thru executive issuances
Response Team
Inter-Agency Energy Committee

CRISIS MANAGEMENT ABROAD

Country Ambassador One Country Team Approach (Republic Act 10121)
Contingency Planning Training Course
 CABINET OFFICER PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE (C-OPR)
Executive Secretary Threats of Terrorism, Maritime Borders and OFWs (Inter- Agency)
Secretary of National Defense Threats to National Security and Maritime Borders (Intra- Agency)
Secretary of Interior Threats to Peace and Order
and Local Government
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Threats concerning OFWs and Maritime Borders (Intra- Agency)
Secretary of Health Threats to Public Health (pandemics, epidemics, etc.)
Secretary of Finance / Threats to the Economy
Trade and Industry
Secretary of Energy Threats to Energy Supply

SUPPORT OFFICES
Serves as the National Crisis Management Operation Centre
Presidential Situation Room (NCMOC)
Crisis Management
Support Secretariat Serves as the Secretariat to the Sub- Committee, NCMC
Formulates National Strategic Communication Plan
Communications Group
Maintains coordinated flow of information

Contingency Planning Training Course

 What is the
relationship of
DRRM and CM?
Photo credit: Google Images

Contingency Planning Training Course

The role of DRRMC in CM is:
CONSEQUENCE
MANAGEMENT

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Escalation and De-escalation
Protocols
Disaster and crisis operations may be
down-scaled or up-scaled

Photo credit: Google Images

Contingency Planning Training Course

Escalation and De- escalation
LEVEL CONDITIONS IN- CHARGE
Barangay DRRM
1 barangay affected
Committee

• Local security and law

Barangay enforcement forces are in control
of the situation.
Barangay CMC
• Appropriate resources are
available and capable at the
barangay level

Contingency Planning Training Course

Escalation and De- escalation
LEVEL CONDITIONS IN- CHARGE
Municipal/ City
2 or more barangays affected
DRRMC
• Local security and law
enforcement forces at the
barangay level are unable to
Municipal resolve crisis within their
/ City capabilities.
Municipal/City
• Municipal/city security and law
CMC
enforcement forces are in
control of the situation.
• Appropriate resources are
available and capable at
municipal/city level

Contingency Planning Training Course

Escalation and De- escalation
LEVEL CONDITIONS IN- CHARGE
2 or more cities/municipalities
Provincial DRRMC
affected
• Situation requires employment of
security forces and utilization of
resources of the provincial level
organizations and beyond.
Provincial • Incident affects two or more
cities/ municipalities within the Provincial CMC
same province.
• Crisis involves foreign national/s,
either as perpetrators or victim/s.
• Crisis affects peace process or
major industries (tourism, etc.)

Contingency Planning Training Course

Escalation and De- escalation
LEVEL CONDITIONS IN- CHARGE

2 or more provinces affected Regional DRRMC

• Incident affects two or more
provinces within the same
Regional region.
• Crisis involves foreign national/s, Regional CMC
either as perpetrators or victim/s.
• Crisis affects peace process or
major industries (tourism, etc.)

Contingency Planning Training Course

Escalation and De- escalation
LEVEL CONDITIONS IN- CHARGE
2 or more regions affected National DRRMC
• Situation requires major
decisions of the principal
members of the
National Execom/National CMC and
National CMC
employment of security forces
and utilization of resources of
the national and international
organizations.

Contingency Planning Training Course

Early Warning Signs

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Early Warning Signs

Valuable
indicators that
allow prediction
of a developing
disaster or crisis.

Photo credit: Google Images

Contingency Planning Training Course

Factors related to early warning signs:

ROOT CAUSES underlying natural or human-

induced causes of the hazard

TRIGGERING factors that could trigger the

FACTORS unfolding of an event

Contingency Planning Training Course

Sources of Early Warning Signs

Locality Government Media Organizations

Technical Academe Studies Global

Experts Community
Contingency Planning Training Course
Photo credit: Google Images
 Contingency Planning Training Course
Photo credit: Google Images
 Example: Natural Hazard
Triggering Early Warning
Hazards Root Causes
Factors Signs
Flash Denuded Continuous Continuous
flood forests, heavy rainfall,
erosion, non- rainfall, seasonal
compliance watershed cycles, rising
with the law failure, dam water level,
break turbidity and
speed of
water flow

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Example: Human-Induced
Hazard
Triggering Early Warning
Hazards Root Causes
Factors Signs
Terrorism Ideological Drastic Presence or
differences change in the arrest of
(social, political, balance of suspects;
religious, etc.), political intercepted
perceived power; arrest directives
injustice and or killing of
inequality, political
economic gap leaders

Contingency Planning Training Course

Linkage of CP to Other
DRRM Mechanisms

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Disaster Risk Assessment
R – Risk
R= H x V x E H – Hazard

C V – Vulnerability
E – Exposure
C – Capacity

CP helps reduce risk by increasing

C: Capacity
Contingency Planning Training Course
 Pre-Disaster Risk
Assessment (PDRA)

PDRA can be
used as basis for
activating CP

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Rapid Damage Assessment
and Needs Analysis (RDANA)

Like PDRA,
RDANA can be
used as basis for
activating CP

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Incident Command System
(ICS)

ICS is used for tactical

response when
implementing CP

Contingency Planning Training Course

Cluster Approach

Cluster
Approach
supports CP
through resource
coordination.

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Post-Disaster Needs
Assessment (PDNA)

CP information
can serve as
foundation for
PDNA.
Photo credit: Google Images

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Contingency Plan and Other Plans
Implementation
Aspects DRRM Plan Contingency Plan Plan
Activated as a
When Regular planning Before an emergency result of PDRA or
cycle (or a planned event)
RDANA
Actual emergency
Scope All hazards Specific hazard
event
General terms of
Focus needs and Scenario- based Rapidly unfolding
actual demands
resources
Duration and Long term, For a specific time As required by
Style globally attuned frame, local specific the urgency
Planning All DRRMC levels Managerial level Actual/on-site
Level or field level
Relationships Long- term Developing Utilizing
Contingency Planning Training Course
CP Life Cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course

CP Life Cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Summary:
Answer the questions

Contingency Planning Training Course

The key to successful CP
?

Contingency Planning Training Course

Enumerate the four DRRM
Thematic Areas
?

Contingency Planning Training Course

Enumerate the 5 Ps of CM
?

Contingency Planning Training Course

The two factors related to
early warning signs
?

Contingency Planning Training Course

Briefly explain this diagram:

Contingency Planning Training Course

Questions?

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Module Objectives
Upon completion of this module, the participants
will be able to:
1. Explain the importance of coordination in CP
2. Discuss the relevance of DRRM and CM in CP
3. Explain the early warning signs as bases for
CP action
4. Relate CP with other DRRM mechanisms
5. Explain the contingency plan cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course

Learning Insight

Credits: Google Images

Contingency Planning Training Course

 Module Objectives

Upon completion of this Module, the participants

will be able to:
1. Explain the importance of coordination in CP
2. Discuss the relevance of DRRM and CM in CP
3. Explain the early warning signs as bases for
CP action
4. Relate CP with other DRRM mechanisms
5. Explain the contingency plan cycle

Contingency Planning Training Course