DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL
NEELBAD, BHOPAL
RESOURCE PREPARED BY :-
AARUSHI PATIDAR
SCH. NO. :-4817
CLASS :-IX C
DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL NEELBAD, BHOPAL
MICHAEL
FARADAY
INTRODUCTION
Born in 1791 to a poor family in the Newington, Surrey
village of South London, Michael Faraday, The father of
electricity had a difficult childhood riddled with poverty.
Faraday's mother stayed at home to take care of Michael and
his three siblings, and his father was a blacksmith who was
often too ill to work steadily, which meant that the children
frequently went without food. Despite this, Faraday grew up a
curious child, questioning everything and always feeling an
urgent need to know more. He learned to read at Sunday
school for the Christian sect the family belonged to called the
Sandemanians, which greatly influenced the way he
approached and interpreted nature.
At the age of 13, he became an errand boy for a bookbinding shop
in London, where he would read every book that he bound and
decided that one day he would write his own. At this bookbinding
shop, Faraday became interested in the concept of energy,
specifically force, through an article he read in the third edition of
Encyclopedia Britannica. Because of his early reading and
experiments with the idea of force, he was able to make important
discoveries in electricity later in life and eventually became a
chemist and physicist.
However, it wasn't until Faraday attended chemical lectures by Sir
Humphry Davy at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in London
that he was able to finally pursue his studies in chemistry and
science. After attending the lectures, Faraday bound the notes he
had taken and sent them to Davy to apply for an apprenticeship
under him, and a few months later, he began as Davy's lab assistant.
SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS
• Magnetism
• Electric Motor
• Faraday’s Law Of Electromagnetic Induction
o Induced Current
o Electric Generator
o Eddy Currents
• Electromagnetic Waves( Maxwell And Hertz)
Induced Current
Induced Current
UNKNOWN FACTS
• Faraday invented the rubber balloon
while experimenting with gases.
• Faraday even turned down offers to
become president of the Royal Society
twice.
APPRENTICESHIPS AND EARLY
STUDIES IN ELECTRICITY
• Davy was one of the leading chemists of the day when Faraday
joined him in 1812, having discovered sodium and potassium and
studying the decomposition of muriatic (hydrochloric) acid that
yielded the discovery of chlorine. Following the atomic theory of
Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich, Davy and Faraday began to interpret
the molecular structure of such chemicals, which would greatly
influence Faraday's ideas about electricity.
• When Faraday's second apprenticeship under Davy ended in late
1820, Faraday knew about as much chemistry as anyone else at the
time, and he used this newfound knowledge to continue experiments
in the fields of electricity and chemistry. In 1821, he married Sarah
Barnard and took up permanent residence at the Royal Institution,
where he would conduct research on electricity and magnetism.
APPRENTICESHIPS AND EARLY STUDIES IN
ELECTRICITY
• Faraday built two devices to produce what he called electromagnetic
rotation, a continuous circular motion from the circular magnetic
force around a wire. Unlike his contemporaries at the time, Faraday
interpreted electricity as more of a vibration than the flow of water
through pipes and began to experiment based off of this concept.
• One of his first experiments after discovering electromagnetic rotation
was attempting to pass a ray of polarized light through an
electrochemically decomposing solution to detect the intermolecular
strains the current would produce. However, throughout the 1820s,
repeated experiments yielded no results. It would be another 10 years
before Faraday made a huge breakthrough in chemistry.
• Discovering Electromagnetic Induction
DISCOVERING
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
• In the next decade, Faraday began his great series of experiments in which he
discovered electromagnetic induction. These experiments would form the
basis of the modern electromagnetic technology that's still used today.
• In 1831, using his "induction ring"—the first electronic transformer—Faraday
made one of his greatest discoveries: electromagnetic induction, the
"induction" or generation of electricity in a wire by means of the
electromagnetic effect of a current in another wire.
• In the second series of experiments in September 1831 he discovered
magneto-electric induction: the production of a steady electric current. To do
this, Faraday attached two wires through a sliding contact to a copper disc. By
rotating the disc between the poles of a horseshoe magnet, he obtained a
continuous direct current, creating the first generator. From his experiments
came devices that led to the modern electric motor, generator, and
transformer.
PUBLICATIONS
Michael Faraday had written over 135 books.
The most famous of them are:
–A Chemical History of a Candle
–Experimental Researches in Electricity
–The Forces of Matter
–On The Various Forces Of Nature
–Works of Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday in his laboratory at the Royal
Institution. From a painting by Harriet Moore.
CONTINUED EXPERIMENTS, DEATH, AND LEGACY
• Faraday continued his electrical experiments throughout much
of his later life. In 1832, he proved that the electricity induced
from a magnet, voltaic electricity produced by a battery, and
static electricity were all the same. He also did significant
work in electrochemistry, stating the First and Second Laws of
Electrolysis, which laid the foundation for that field and
another modern industry.
• Faraday passed away in his home in Hampton Court on
August 25, 1867, at the age of 75. He was buried at Highgate
Cemetery in North London. A memorial plaque was set up in
his honor at Westminster Abbey Church, near Isaac Newton's
burial spot.
CONTINUED EXPERIMENTS, DEATH,
AND LEGACY
• Faraday's influence extended to a great many leading
scientists. Albert Einstein was known to have had a portrait of
Faraday on his wall in his study, where it hung alongside pictures of
legendary physicists Sir Isaac Newton and James Clerk Maxwell.
• Among those who praised his achievements were Earnest
Rutherford, the father of nuclear physics. Of Faraday he once stated,
"When we consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries
and their influence on the progress of science and of industry, there is
no honour too great to pay to the memory of Faraday, one of the
greatest scientific discoverers of all time."
TITLES
In honor and remembrance of his great scientific
contributions, several institutions have created prizes
and awards in his name. These include:
– The IET Faraday Medal
– The Royal Society of London Michael Faraday Prize
– The Institute of Physics Michael Faraday Medal and Prize
– The Royal Society of Chemistry Faraday Lectureship Prize
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• www.thriftbooks.com
• www.sciencehistory.org
• www.goodreads.com
• www.thoughtco.com
• ww.britannica.com
BY-
NAME: AARUSHI
PATIDAR
SCH. NO. : 4817
CLASS : IX-C
HOUSE :
AMALTAS
