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Fire Detection System Heat Detector For Lecturate

Heat detectors are used to detect fires in their early stages by sensing rises in temperature. There are two main types - fixed temperature detectors, which trigger an alarm when a preset temperature is reached, and rate-of-rise detectors, which trigger when the rate at which temperature increases exceeds a threshold. Heat detectors are well-suited for environments where smoke detection may be unreliable but can respond more slowly than smoke detectors. Linear heat sensing cables can be laid across cable trays to quickly detect fires originating from electrical cables.

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Sambhranta Mishra
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831 views25 pages

Fire Detection System Heat Detector For Lecturate

Heat detectors are used to detect fires in their early stages by sensing rises in temperature. There are two main types - fixed temperature detectors, which trigger an alarm when a preset temperature is reached, and rate-of-rise detectors, which trigger when the rate at which temperature increases exceeds a threshold. Heat detectors are well-suited for environments where smoke detection may be unreliable but can respond more slowly than smoke detectors. Linear heat sensing cables can be laid across cable trays to quickly detect fires originating from electrical cables.

Uploaded by

Sambhranta Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

(HEAT DETECTOR)

ASSISTANT COMMANDANT
S.V. REDDY
VSTPP
1 VINDHYANAGAR
INTRODUCTION
 Delays in fires being discovered and further delays in calling the
fire brigade are major factors contributing to heavy fire losses.
 
 Many types of building are equipped with electrical fire detection
system which, when linked with fire brigade control rooms via
central fire alarm depots help ensure the fire fighters arrive at the
premises before fires have got out of control. These systems also
warn the occupants so that building can be evacuated at an early
stage. Staff therefore needs to be trained to recognize and to react
correctly to the fire alarm signal.
FIRE DETECTION
“Fire detection to know about fire which has been
initiated”

NECESSITY
There is an idioms about the fire ie.
“FIRE IS A GOOD SERVANT, “ IF YOU ALERT”
“ FIRE IS A BAD MASTER, “IF YOU ARE CARLESS”
So ,
“THERE IS NO USE TO DIG A WELL, WHEN A BUILDING IS ON
FIRE”

Hence it is very necessary to detect the fire in its early stage for
ensuring the life safety and reducing the property loss.
FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

It is a system which is used to detect the fire beginning and alert


the personnel so they can evacuate the area and attempt to
extinguish the fire

PURPOSE OF DETECTION SYSTEM

• To respond the fire in beginning stage.


• Alert the occupants by giving visual- audible signals.
• Reduce the fire loss.
• For actuating the automatic extinguishing system.
• For reducing the response time.
FUNCTION OF FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

 To detect the fire in beginning stage.

 Alert the occupants by alarm signals.

 Actuate the extinguishing system.

 Shutting down or reversing heating, ventilation and air


conditioning systems for smoke control.

 Closing smoke or fire-rated doors and dampers.


FUNCTION OF FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

 Pressurizing the stairwell for evacuation purpose.

 Over riding control of elevators to prevent stops on fire


floors.

 Automatically returning elevators to ground level for fire


department use.

 Operating heat and smoke vents.

 Notifying the fire brigade of an emergency condition.


FLOW CHART FOR CONVERSION OF HEAT
ENERGY FROM FIRE
DETECTOR ACT AS
 A sensor / device
 Respond to a fire and initiate an alarm
 To alert occupant and fire department
 
FUNCTIONS OF DETECTORS
Prime function of a fire detector is to detect one or more
changes in the protected environment indicating the
development of a fire condition
 
TYPE OF FIRE DETECTORS
1. Heat detector
2. Smoke detector
3. Flame detector
HEAT DETECTOR

These are suitable for use in most buildings in general they have a
greater resistance to adverse environmental condition than other
types.

Where fires can occur in which heat is evolved rapidly, with little
some, they may give more rapid fire detection than a smoke
detector.
HEAT DETECTOR
 Fixed temperature and rate of rise detectors should Fixed
temperature heat detectors are not suitable in cold stores where
ambient temperatures are abnormally low.

 Combined be avoided if rapid changes in ambient temperature


are likely.

 In situations such as furnace rooms, where very high ambient


temperature occurs, and heat detectors to BS544: part 8 should
be used.
IMPORTANT POINTS

 Heat detectors are designed to detect fire in it's more advanced


stages when the temp in the protected area starts to rise.

 The basic operating principles for heat detectors are..

a) Melting or fusion in metals.

b) Expansion in solids, gases and liquids.

a) The electrical effects.


TYPES OF HEAT DETECTORS

 FIXED TEMPERATURE

It is one that responds only when a predetermined temp. is


reached.
 
 RATE OF RISE

It is one that responds when the temp rises is abnormally rapid.


FIXED TEMPERATURE
WORKING

It contains of a fixed contact blade 1 and a pair of spring


contacts 2 & 3 held under tension by a fusible alloy link.
 
In case of no fire condition , electric circuit is incomplete as
spring contact 2 is not connected with 1 and alarm is not
activated.
 
WORKING
 

But in case of fire, the surrounding air reaches the pre-


determined melting point of the fusible link (here 49-144 C)
,the fusible link/spring contact separates and 2 makes
contact with1 as shown in figure.

This completes the ckt. And sounds the alarm. It is designed


for ceiling mounting and provides protection for an area of
50 meter square.
RATE OF RISE DETECTOR

Bimetal strips are used as heat sensitive element in a rate of rise


heat detectors.

Two similar composition bimetal strips are used but one is


suitably shielded and protected to reduce its rate of expansion.
NON FIRE CONDITION
FIRE CONDITION
WORKING

When there is a slow rise in temp. , the slow rate of expansion


in both strips keeps them relatively the same distance apart.

It is undesirable for this situation to continue too long when a


slow burning fire might be the cause of the temp.rise.
WORKING

For this reason, a fixed temp device 3 is fitted in rate of rise


detectors .

This will stop the movement of strip 2 when a pre determined


temp.is reached and thus allow strip 1 to catch up and makes
the necessary contact to raise the alarm.
LHSC (LINEAR HEAT SENSING CABLE)

 LHSC is a fixed temperature heat detector and is typically laid


on and diagonally across the cable tray from side to side in a
zigzag way.

 In digital LHSC, a 2-core cable has heat sensitive insulation


between the cores. At a given temperature, the insulation
breaks down and gives alarm.
LHSC (LINEAR HEAT SENSING CABLE)

 In analogue type, the 2-cores are separated by a negative


temperature coefficient polymer whose resistance decreases
with temperature.

 LHSC being close to and running along the cables and


covering the width of cable tray, can be depended for quick and
prompt alarm in the event of fire originating at any point and in
any point and in any cable in the tray.
?
ANY QUESTION
THANK YOU
24

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