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Infection and Bacterial Invasion

This document discusses host resistance and infection. It defines key terms like pathology, infection, and disease. It also classifies infectious diseases according to occurrence, severity/duration, and extent of host involvement. Diseases can be acute, chronic, latent, etc. Infections can be local, systemic, or focal. The document discusses predisposing factors, the development of disease through incubation, prodromal, illness, decline and convalescence periods. It covers reservoirs of infection like humans, animals, arthropods, and nonliving sources. It also examines transmission routes like contact, vehicles, and vectors and how diseases spread through direct/indirect contact, droplets, fomites, food/water, air and

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Trisha Bravo
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94 views40 pages

Infection and Bacterial Invasion

This document discusses host resistance and infection. It defines key terms like pathology, infection, and disease. It also classifies infectious diseases according to occurrence, severity/duration, and extent of host involvement. Diseases can be acute, chronic, latent, etc. Infections can be local, systemic, or focal. The document discusses predisposing factors, the development of disease through incubation, prodromal, illness, decline and convalescence periods. It covers reservoirs of infection like humans, animals, arthropods, and nonliving sources. It also examines transmission routes like contact, vehicles, and vectors and how diseases spread through direct/indirect contact, droplets, fomites, food/water, air and

Uploaded by

Trisha Bravo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HOST RESISTANCE

AND INFECTION
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Pathology
 Scientific study of disease
 Concerned with the etiology
and the manner in which a
disease develops
 Deals with structural and
functional changes
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Infection
 The invasion of
microorganisms
in the body
Disease
 Changes in the
state of health
due to infection
G Y O F
I O L O
ET O U S
F EC T I
I N S E S
S E A
DI
CLASSIFYING
INFECTIOUS DISEASES

According to Occurrence
According to Severity or Duration
According to Extent of Host Involvement
DEFINITION OF TERMS

SYMPTOM
S
SIGNS
SYNDROM
E
DEFINITION OF TERMS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

CONTAGIOUS DISEASE

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
OCCURRENCE OF A DISEASE

INCIDENCE
Number of new
cases of a disease
in a defined
population
during a specific
time period
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
OCCURRENCE OF A DISEASE

PREVALENCE
Number of people
in a population
who developed
the disease at a
specified time, Period Prevalence
regardless of Point Prevalence
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
OCCURRENCE OF A DISEASE

PREVALENCE
Period Prevalence – no. of cases of the
disease existing in a pop. during a spec.
time period
Point Prevalence - no. of cases of the
disease existing in a pop. @ a particular
moment in time
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE

SPORADIC ENDEMIC

EPIDEMIC PANDEMIC
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
SEVERITY OR DURATION OF DISEASE

ACUTE DISEASE CHRONIC DISEASE

SUBACUTE DISEASE LATENT DISEASE


 Herd Immunity
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
EXTENT OF HOST INVOLVEMENT

According to the Affected Area

LOCAL SYSTEMIC FOCAL


INFECTION INFECTION INFECTION
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
EXTENT OF HOST INVOLVEMENT

FOCAL BACTEREMIA

INFECTION
SEPTICEMIA

TOXEMIA VIREMIA
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO
EXTENT OF HOST INVOLVEMENT

According to
Host Resistance
PRIMARY INFECTION

SECONDARY INFECTION INAPPARENT INFECTION


PATTERNS OF
DISEASE

Predisposing Factors
Development of Disease
CHAIN OF INFECTION
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Is one that makes the
body more
susceptible to a
disease and may alter
Gender,
the Genetic, Climate
course of the
Inadequate nutrition Habits
disease
Emotional disturbances
Preexisting illness Lifestyle
Occupation Fatigue Age
Environment Chemotherapy
DEVELOPMENT OF DISEASE

1. INCUBATION PERIOD
2. PRODROMAL PERIOD
3. PERIOD OF ILLNESS
4. PERIOD OF DECLINE
5. PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE
INCUBATION PERIOD

Is the time interval between the initial


infection and the first appearance of any
signs or symptoms
PRODROMAL PERIOD

A relatively short
period that follows
the period of
incubation

Characterized by
early, mild
symptoms of disease,
such as general
PERIOD OF ILLNESS

The disease is most


acute

The person exhibits


overt signs and
symptoms of disease

People can serve as


reservoirs of disease
during this stage
PERIOD OF DECLINE

The signs and


symptoms subside

The fever decreases,


and the feeling of
malaise diminishes

The patient is
vulnerable to
PERIOD OF CONVALESCENCE

The person
regains strength
and the body
returns to its pre-
diseased state

Recovery occurs
THE SPREAD OF
INFECTION
Reservoirs of Infection
Transmission of Disease
RESERVOIR
For a disease
to perpetuate
itself, there
must be a
continual
source of the
disease
HUMAN RESERVOIR

CARRIER
Passive Carrier
Incubatory
Carrier
Convalescent
Carrier
Active Carrier
ANIMAL RESERVOIR

Includes both
wild & domestic
animals
ZOONOSES
ARTHROPOD RESERVOIR
Includes insects
& arachnids
VECTORS
NONLIVING RESERVOIR

2 Major
Nonliving
Reservoirs:
1. Soil
2. Water
TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE

3 Principal
Routes:
1. Contact
2. Vehicle
3. Vector
CONTACT TRANSMISSION

DIRECT INDIRECT

DROPLET
INDIRECT CONTACT

IT E S
F O M
FOMITES
VEHICLE TRANSMISSION

FOODBORNE

AIRBORNE
WATERBORNE
VECTOR TRANSMISSION

2 General Methods:

MECHANICAL
TRANSMISION
when pathogen is carried
passively, by feet or other
body parts of insects

BIOLOGICAL
TRANSMISSION
MODES OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION

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