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Micropara 1st Activity

The document describes the parts and functions of a compound microscope. It includes tables showing the characteristics and magnification levels of different microscope objectives. It also discusses how microscope images are formed and inverted, depth of focus, and proper microscope care and use. Key terms related to microscopy like resolution, magnification, and parfocal are defined.

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Christine Joy Molina
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224 views24 pages

Micropara 1st Activity

The document describes the parts and functions of a compound microscope. It includes tables showing the characteristics and magnification levels of different microscope objectives. It also discusses how microscope images are formed and inverted, depth of focus, and proper microscope care and use. Key terms related to microscopy like resolution, magnification, and parfocal are defined.

Uploaded by

Christine Joy Molina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITY 1

THE COMPOUND
MICROSCOPE
Parts of the Microscope
TheThe
Compound
Compound
Microscope
Microscope is an
is an
optical tooltool
optical thatthat
is used
is used
to observe things that
to observe things that
areare
beyond
beyond ordinary
ordinary
vision. It isIt one
vision. of the
is one of the
basic instruments
basic instruments of aof a
microbiologist.
microbiologist.
Table 1 Characteristics of the Microscope

Features Scanner Low Power High Power

Focal Length (mm)


16mm 4mm 1.8mm

Working Distance
(mm) 4mm 0.5mm 0.1mm

Linear
Magnification (X) 4X 10X 40X

Numerical Aperture
(N.A.) 0.27 0.60 1.34

Diameter of front
lens (mm) 2.0mm 0.4mm 0.2mm
Table 2 movement of specimens

If the letter e on the stage is If the image in the eyepiece is


move d to: moved to:

3 o’clock 9 o’clock

9 o’clock 3 o’clock

12 o’clock 6 o’clock

6 o’clock 12 o’clock
The Letter “e”

What can be see with SCANNER Low power (10x)


an unaided eye (4X)
DEPTH FOCUS
Which colored thread comes into focus first, second, and
third (as observed under 10x)

The order of the threads are as follows: pink comes first,


which is in the bottom, then the blue one, and lastly,
yellow which is at the top. Based on our observation,
the yellow thread comes into focus first, then the middle
one which is the blue thread, and finally the pink thread.
DEPTH FOCUS
As observed under 40x and 4x objectives.
When viewed under the HPO (40x magnification),
yellow thread was on top among the other two colored
threads. They showcase hairy-like projections. In
addition, the surrounded parts were somewhat blurry to
successfully observe. On the other hand, when viewed
under 4x, we saw all the three colored threads and their
arrangements were from the yellow thread being on top
then blue thread in the middle and pink thread as the last
one.
OTHER
QUESTIONS
Other questions
What does it mean when a microscope is parfocal?

Parfocal microscopes maintain focus


throughout real-time magnification
changes. These microscopes also
remain focused when the user rotates
objectives.
Other questions
Which objective focuses closely to the slide?

The objective focuses closely to the


slide is the High Power (40X)

What controls the amount of light reaching then ocular


lens?

The Iris diaphragm and the light


intensity adjustment.
Other questions
Name two ways in which you can enhance the resolving
power.

• Adjusting the intensity of light that enters the


condenser through the iris diaphragm.
• Adjusting the coarse adjustment knob when viewed
under the Low Power Objective. And for the High
Power Objective we use the fine adjustment knob.
Terms associated with
Microscopy
• Microscopy is the science of investigating small objects and
structures using such an instrument.
• A microscope is an instrument used to see objects that are too
small to be seen by the naked eye. 
• Total magnification is the final magnification of the
microscope is the result of objective magnification x eyepiece
magnification with consideration of the tube factor
• Resolution is a measure of the ability of a lens to image
closely spaced objects so they are recognized as separate
objects.
• Resolving power is the capacity of any optical system to
distinguish and separate details in a specimen.
• Depth of Field is the distance along the optical axis throughout
which the object can be located and yet be imaged with satisfactory
clarity. This is used in stereo microscopy.
• Magnification is the enlargement of an object through the lens
system. This is determined by multiplying the magnifying power of
the objective by the eyepiece.
• Parcentered is When all the elements of the optical system are
aligned on a single axis thus reducing aberration.
• Parfocal (parfocality) is a term used describing the property of a
microscope where the subject stays in focus when the objective
lenses are changed. Less then 1/2 of a revolution from the fine
adjustment is usually acceptable.
HOW IMAGES ARE FORMED
UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
1
Formation of image occurs at the
intermediate plane by interference between
direct light that has pass through the
specimen unaltered and light diffracted by
features present in the specimen.
2
The intermediate image projected by the
objective is enlarged by the eyepiece. There
was an inversion of image when the
specimen was observed at different
objectives.
3
Objective lens inverts the image because of
the lens' curvature. The inverted image is
made from a positive lens, which means the
image formed after light passes through the
lens is a real image.
4
This real image is inverted at the focal
length. When the letter "e" is put right-side
up in the slide to the observer, it is projected
upside down in the tube.
5
The image is refracted through the objective
lens, and it travels up the body tube where
the ocular lens magnifies the image a little
more.
6
Then objective lens is where most of the
magnification occurs, and many
microscopes have rotating lenses that
increase magnifications.
Proper ways on taking good
care of a microscope
•Always carry with 2 hands
•Never touch the lenses with your fingers.
•Only use lens paper for cleaning
•Do not force knobs
•Keep objects clear of desk and cords
•When you are finished with your "scope", rotate the nosepiece
so that it's on the low power objective, roll the stage down to
lowest level, rubber band the cord, then replace the dust cover.
CONCLUSION

After performing the activity, we were able to learn the parts


and functions of a microscope and how to properly use it. We
were able to identify its characteristics, how images are formed
when viewing specimens using it and how its depth of focus
works. Through this activity, we were able to acquire additional
knowledge on enhancing microscope’s resolving power, on other
terms related to microscopy and on how to handle proper ways
on taking good care of a microscope.

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