Digital Image Watermarking
Using D.W.T
By:
Ashish Kumar(09407)
Abhilasha Verma(09401)
What Is Watermark?
• A distinguishing mark impressed on paper
during manufacture; visible when paper is
held up to the light (e.g. $ Bill)
What is Digital Watermarking?
• Digital information embedded within any
digital media that can later be detected and
extracted
• Characteristics
– Perceptible or Imperceptible
– Robust or Fragile
Applications
• Copyright Protecton:To prove the ownership of
digital media
• Tamper proofing: To find out if data was
tampered.
• Quality Assessment: Degradation of Visual Quality
• Authentication and verification
Types of Watermarked Images
1. Visible watermarks : Visible watermarks
change the signal altogether such that the
watermarked signal is totally different from
the actual signal, e.g., adding an image as a
watermark to another image.
2. Invisible watermarks :
Invisible watermarks do not change the signal
to a perceptually great extent, i.e., there are
only minor variations in the output signal
Discrete Wavelet Transform
• The wavelet transform (WT) has gained widespread
acceptance in signal processing and image
compression.
• Because of their inherent multi-resolution nature,
wavelet-coding schemes are especially suitable for
applications where scalability and tolerable
degradation are important
• Recently the JPEG committee has released its new
image coding standard, JPEG-2000, which has been
based upon DWT.
• Wavelet transform decomposes a signal into a set of basis
functions.
• These basis functions are called wavelets
• the Wavelet transforms uses wavelet of finite energy.
• Wavelets are obtained from a single prototype wavelet y(t)
called mother wavelet by dilations and shifting:
1 t b
• a ,b (t ) (
(1) )
a a
where a is the scaling parameter and b is the shifting
parameter
• The wavelet transform is computed separately for
different segments of the time-domain signal at
different frequencies.
• Multi-resolution analysis: analyzes the signal at
different frequencies giving different resolutions
• Discrete wavelet transform (DWT), which
transforms a discrete time signal to a discrete
wavelet representation.
• it converts an input series x0, x1, ..xm, into one
high-pass wavelet coefficient series and one
low-pass wavelet coefficient series (of length
n/2 each) given by:
• where sm(Z) and tm(Z) are called wavelet filters, K is
the length of the filter, and i=0, ..., [n/2]-1.
• In practice, such transformation will be applied
recursively on the low-pass series until the desired
number of iterations is reached
2-D DWT for Image
Wavelet Images
• A signal is split into two parts, usually the high
frequency and the low frequency part. This splitting
is called decomposition.
• The edge components of the signal are largely
confined to the high frequencies part.
• The signal is passed through a series of high pass
filters to analyze the high frequencies, and it is
passed through a series of low pass filters to analyze
the low frequencies.
• Filters of different cutoff frequencies are used to
analyze the signal at different resolutions.
Proposed watermark embedding method
• Step1: Create a matrix of the size
of the original image & embed
watermark image in it.
• Step2: Decompose the original
image using DWT to obtain the
horizontal detail information.
Step3: Decompose the watermark
image using DWT to obtain the
horizontal detail information.
• Step4: Form a new matrix from
the two approximation matrix
obtained from DWT of the two
images.
• Step5: Perform the inverse of the
DWT (IDWT) to obtain the
watermarked image.
Result
Original image Watermark (binary image)
Threshold = 250 Threshold=50
Thank You
