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Methods of Translation

There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

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Carlos Samuel Quimbenze
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71 views

Methods of Translation

There are eight types of translation: word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptive translation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. Word-for-word translation maintains the source language word order and translates words based on their most common meanings. Literal translation converts the source language grammatical structures to the nearest target language equivalents while translating lexical items out of context. Communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in a way that is readily acceptable and comprehensible to the target language readership.

Uploaded by

Carlos Samuel Quimbenze
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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There are eight types of

translation:
word-for-word translation, literal
translation, faithful translation,
semantic translation, adaptive
translation, free translation,
idiomatic translation, and
communicative translation.
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 1
Word For Word translation:

The SL word order is preserved
and the words translated by their
most common meanings. Cultural
words are translated literally. The
main use of this method is either to
understand the mechanics of the
source language or to construe a
difficult text as pre-translation
process.
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 2
Literal translation:

The SL grammatical constructions
are converted to their nearest TL
equivalents but the lexical items
are again translated out of context.
As pre-translation process, it
indicates problems to be solved.

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 3


Faithful translation:

It attempts to reproduce the precise
contextual meaning of the original
within the constraints of the
Translation grammatical structures. It
transfers cultural words and
preserves the degree of grammatical
and lexical deviation from Second
Language norms. It attempts to be
completely faithful to the intentions
and the text-realisation of the Second
Language writer.
Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 4
Semantic translation:

It differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must
take more account of the aesthetic value of the SL text,
compromising on 7meaning where appropriate so that
no assonance, word play or repetition jars in the finished
version. It does not rely on cultural equivalence and
makes very small concessions to the readership. While
`faithful' translation is dogmatic, semantic translation is
more flexible.

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 5


Communicative translation:

It attempts to render the exact contextual
meaning of the original in such a way that
both language and content are readily
acceptable and comprehensible to the
readership.

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 6


Idiomatic translation:

It reproduces the message of the original
but tends to distort nuances of meaning by
preferring colloquialisms and idioms.

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 7


Free translation:

It reproduces the matter without the
manner, or the content without the form of
the original. Usually it is a paraphrase
much longer than the original.

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 8


Adaptation:

 This is the freest form of translation mainly


used for plays and poetry: themes/
characters/ plots preserved, SL culture
converted to TL culture & text is rewritten.
(From A Textbook of Translation by P.
Newmark)

Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar 9

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