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WQ Monitoring

The document discusses water quality monitoring including the network, laboratories, instruments, and standards used. It describes the different types of monitoring like routine, surveillance, and special surveys. The goals of monitoring and surveillance are outlined. Water quality planning requirements in India are also discussed due to factors like poverty, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Guidelines for identifying water quality issues and remedial measures are provided. Interpreting and presenting monitoring data is also covered.

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Manmohit Singh
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54 views30 pages

WQ Monitoring

The document discusses water quality monitoring including the network, laboratories, instruments, and standards used. It describes the different types of monitoring like routine, surveillance, and special surveys. The goals of monitoring and surveillance are outlined. Water quality planning requirements in India are also discussed due to factors like poverty, pollution, and lack of infrastructure. Guidelines for identifying water quality issues and remedial measures are provided. Interpreting and presenting monitoring data is also covered.

Uploaded by

Manmohit Singh
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WATER QUALITY

MONITORING
Water Quality

 NET WORK
 LABOTATRIES
 INSTRUMENTS
 MANPOWER
 STANDARDS
 TREND
 PENALTIES
 REWARDS
NET WORK
(observation)
ROUTINE MONITORING
SURVILIENCE
Surveys
SPECIAL PURPOSE
MOBILE
Water Quality
Monitoring
Monitoring
 To classify water resources
 To collect base-line data
 To detect trends in water quality changes

Surveillance
 To evaluate suitability for a water use
 To check compliance

Surveys
 To investigate pollution
 To collect data for in-depth analysis
NET WORK
(SAMPLE COLLECTION)
Insitu
Level2
level3
NET WORK
(instrument)
LAB SPECIFIC
ASSURED POWER SUPPLY
SAFE TRANSPORT OF SAMPLES
WORKING CONDITION
INDEGINOUS/IMPORTED
INSTRUMENTS
STRICT PENALITIES
Water Quality Planning
Requirement in India
40% LIVE BELOW POVERTY LINE
90% OF TRIBALS LIVE NEAR OR IN
FOREST
LARGE SIZE OF CITY POPULATION
DONOT HAVE WATER SUPPLY AND
SANITATION FACILITY
WATER SUPPLY IS FROM GOVT. DEPTT.
NO ORGANISED SAMPLING MECHANISM
Water Quality Planning
Requirement in India contd

AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRIAL


EFFLUENT POLLUTE SOURCES OF
COMMON PEOPLE
NATUTRAL DILUTION IS AVAILABLE
IN FLOOD SEASON ONLY
LEGAL SYSTEM IS SUCH THAT
CULPRIT CAN MANAGE WITHOUT
BEING PUNISHED
Water Quality Planning
Requirement in India contd

15% HUMAN AND 18% ANIMAL


POPULATION LIVES ON 2.5% LAND
HAS LONG COAST LINE FOR SEA
WTER INTRUSION
RAIN WTER HRVESTING
STRUCTURES ARE ON RISK OF
POLLUTION FROM MAN AND ANIMAL
WASTE POLLUTING THE G.W
NET WORK
(SAMPLE COLLECTION)
LARGE VARIATION IN COLLECTION
MANY DEPARTMENTS AND
AGENCIES
. Thumb Rule for
identification of quality
The sour taste indicates acidity in water & bitter tastes indicates
basicity.
Scale formation in the container, in which water is boiled,
indicates hardness.
Cloudiness in water, on boiling, indicates temporary hardness.
Browning of white clothes after 4-5 washing indicates ferrous
iron.
Blackening of tea on less boiling of tea leaves indicates
hardness and alkaline water.
Soft water and acidic water give light brown tea.
Blackening of rice and potato during boiling, indicates ferrous
iron.
Formation of algae in 2-3 days, open stored water, indicates
phosphate.
REMEDIAL MEASURS
Temporary hardness can be removed either by boiling and or
by adding appropriate quantity of slaked lime.
Permanent and temporary hardness can be removed by
addition of sodium carbonate (washing soda) in calculated
quantities.
Slightly basic water can be modified to neutral condition by
potash alum (Fitkari)
Acidic water can be mad neutral by keeping in contact with
lime stone or adding sodium carbonate
Ferrous iron can be precipitated by bubbling air for sometime.
Excess chlorine can be removed by keeping the water
container in open or in sunlight or by bubbling air.
Monitoring Network
 Defines types and objectives of
samples
 Defines location of monitoring stations
(network density)
 Defines monitoring frequency
 Defines analytical parameters
Example Network from
HP (1)
Category / type
 Monitoring / base –line
Objective
 Background water quality
Network Density
 One for each stem & one for major tributary
Sampling frequency per year
 Initially 3 –4, repeat every 2-3 years
Example Network from
Parameter
HP (2)
Parameter Water Use
Group Irrigation

General Temperature X
Conductivity X
pH X
Total Dissolved Solids X
Major Ions Sodium X
Calcium X
Magnesium X
Chloride X
Boron X

Microbiological Total coliforms X


Water Quality Planning
 Fixed emission limits for discharges
 Control by means of water quality
objectives
Data Interpretation (1)
Trend Assessment
 Plot data on a time –series graph
 Statistical trend analysis
 Regression and correlation analysis

Note : It is preferable to use the


simplest method that gives an
acceptable result
Data Interpretation (2)
Calculation
 Example :

BOD = 5 mg/l = 5 g/m3


Flow = 5 m3/S
Flux = 5 g/m3 X 5 m3/s = 25 g/s

Note : Flux is expressed as load I.e. : mass per


unit time
Data Interpretation (4)
Presentation of Data
 Compare data with water quality standards
 Compare data with international standards

 Compare data from different areas

 Show how quality has changed at one point


over time (relating this to particular events, if
applicable)
Control Using Water
Quality Objectives
 Agree legitimate watercourse uses in
consultation with interested parties
 Set water quality objectives based on
current or future desired use
 Set water quality standards which allow
desired objectives to be met
Fixed Emission Limits
 Are fair to all discharges
 May impose unnecessarily strict
conditions
 Assimilative capacity of river is not
taken into account
 Set discharge limits for effluents which
do not infringe water quality standards
River Action Plans
 Measure present water quality
 Determine present and planned
beneficial water uses
 Compare most stringent water quality
requirement with existing quality
 Formulate action plans
 Take action
Data Interpretation (3)
Compliance Assessment
 Water Resources
 Compare analytical results with water
quality standards (singly over a period of
time)

Effluent
 Compare analytical results with effluent
permit
Data Interpretation (3)
Compliance Assessment
 Water Resources
 Compare analytical results with water
quality standards (singly over a period of
time)

Effluent
 Compare analytical results with effluent
permit
Data Interpretation (4)
Presentation of Data
 Compare data with water quality standards
 Compare data with international standards

 Compare data from different areas

 Show how quality has changed at one point


over time (relating this to particular events, if
applicable)

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