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Electric Flux for Physics Students

Michael Faraday became interested in static electric fields in 1837 and conducted experiments using concentric metallic spheres. In the experiments, one sphere was given a positive charge while the other was initially neutral. When the neutral sphere was connected to ground, it took on an equal but opposite charge. Faraday realized this was due to an "electric flux" causing induced charges. He defined electric flux as the amount of electric field passing through a surface. The electric flux density D is directly proportional to the amount of charge causing the flux. D measures the electric flux passing through a unit area and is proportional to the electric field strength.

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Trinala Kinanti
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227 views15 pages

Electric Flux for Physics Students

Michael Faraday became interested in static electric fields in 1837 and conducted experiments using concentric metallic spheres. In the experiments, one sphere was given a positive charge while the other was initially neutral. When the neutral sphere was connected to ground, it took on an equal but opposite charge. Faraday realized this was due to an "electric flux" causing induced charges. He defined electric flux as the amount of electric field passing through a surface. The electric flux density D is directly proportional to the amount of charge causing the flux. D measures the electric flux passing through a unit area and is proportional to the electric field strength.

Uploaded by

Trinala Kinanti
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ELECTRIC

FLUX DENSITY
Cahaya Trinala Kinanti -
1950603000111042
MICHAEL FARADAY

It all started in about 1837, Michael Faraday became very


interested in static electric fields and its effect of various
insulating materials on these fields

1
Faraday’s Experiment
• Constructed by a pair of concentric
metallic spheres (inner and outer
sphere)
• The inner sphere was given a known
positive charge
• The outer sphere is electrically
neutral
• The space between inner and outer
conductor was filled with a
dielectric (insulating) material
2
Faraday’s Experiment
• The outer sphere was discharged
momentarily when connected to ground
• When measured, the outer sphere has a
total charge of –Q
• Setup was carefully dismantled and the
measured total charge on the inner
sphere is +Q
• Charges of inner and outer sphere have
equal magnitude but different signs
regardless of insulating material

3
The Electric Flux
•  ‘Something’ has caused charge to be induced at the outer conductor which
Faraday called as displacement flux or simply electric flux.
• Electric flux: Measure of amount of electric field passing through a surface
• The electric flux is directly proportional to the amount of charge causing
the flux.

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Electric Flux Density (D)

16 Flux Lines
then, Q =16 C

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If the inner sphere become smaller or bigger, flux number is still not change or
charge of Q is same

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Example
•1.   Find D in the region about a uniform line charge of 8nC/m lying along the z-axis in free space!
Solution:
The E field is

At ρ = 3m, E = 47.9aρ V/m.


Associated with the E field, we find

The value at ρ = 3m, D = 0.424aρ nC/m.


The total flux leaving a 5-m length of the line charge is equal to the total charge on that length, or ψ = 40 nC.

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•2.   Determine D at (4, 0, 3) if there is a point charge -5π mC at (4, 0, 0) and a line charge 3π mC/m along the y-
axis
Solution:
Let D = DQ + DL where DQ and DL are flux densities due to the point charge and line charge, respectively

Where r – r’ = (4,0,3) – (4,0,0) = (0,0,3). Hence,

Also

In this case

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• 

Hence,

Thus

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Reference
• Sadiku, M. N. O. (2001). Elements of electromagnetics. New York:
Oxford University Press.
• Hayt, W. H. (1981). Engineering electromagnetics. New York: McGraw-
Hill Book Co.

13
Thank you for your attention!

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