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Perspective Drawing

Perspective drawing is a technique that depicts objects as they appear to the eye, with objects appearing smaller as they move farther from the viewer and converging on points along the horizon. Key elements include the horizon line representing the viewer's eye level, vanishing points where parallel lines seem to meet as they recede into the distance, and orthogonal lines receding towards vanishing points. There are different types of perspective including artistic, mechanical, and semi-mechanical, as well as one-point, two-point, and three-point perspectives defined by the number of vanishing points used. The document provides guidelines for constructing perspective drawings based on these principles.

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Helen Asuncion
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2K views

Perspective Drawing

Perspective drawing is a technique that depicts objects as they appear to the eye, with objects appearing smaller as they move farther from the viewer and converging on points along the horizon. Key elements include the horizon line representing the viewer's eye level, vanishing points where parallel lines seem to meet as they recede into the distance, and orthogonal lines receding towards vanishing points. There are different types of perspective including artistic, mechanical, and semi-mechanical, as well as one-point, two-point, and three-point perspectives defined by the number of vanishing points used. The document provides guidelines for constructing perspective drawings based on these principles.

Uploaded by

Helen Asuncion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PERSPECTIVE

DRAWING
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
 is a pictorial view seen by the observer’s eye
(based on reality).
 perspective is a drawing method that shows
how things appear to get smaller as they get
farther away, converging towards a 'vanishing
point' on the horizon line.
https://static-sympoz.s3.amazonaws.com/cat/reference/perspective-drawing-eguide/ima
ges/perspective-drawing-eguide.pdf

https://www.lcps.org/cms/lib4/VA01000195/Centricity/Domain/647/art%201%20Perspe
ctive%20Drawing%20lesson.pdf
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
• The HORIZON LINE (HL) is a horizontal line that
not only represents the horizon, but also the
viewer’s eye level.
• The VANISHING POINT (VP) is a point on the
horizon line where lines that are parallel to the
viewer’s line of sight appear to meet.
• The ORTHOGONAL LINES (receding lines) are
set of lines that is going the same direction as
the viewer is looking will meet at the VP.
PRINCIPLES OF PERSPECTIVE:
1. The farther the object from our eyes, the
smaller it appears.
2. The farther the color the lighter it appears.
3. If extended or prolonged, all the receding horizontal
lines or edges of the object seems to vanish in the
horizon.
4. Equidistant object from the ground such as telegraph
or light posts seem to come closer to each other as they
recede from our view.
5. All horizontal lines or
edges below the eye level
and receding seem to go up
and vanish on the horizon.

6. All horizontal lines or


edges above eye level and
receding seem to go down
and vanish in the horizon.

7. All horizontal lines or edges


which are not receding remain
horizontal in the picture.
8. Never show hidden lines in perspective. They spoil the
view.
CLASSIFICATION OF PERSPECTIVE
DRAWING APPROACH:
• A RT I S T ’ S P E R S P EC T I V E- is sometimes called inaccurate
or false perspective because the receding lines may not
vanish in the horizon. Mostly practiced in artistic drawings
such as painting, cartoon drawing, comic drawing, etc.
• M EC H A N I C A L P E RS P EC T I V E- is an accurate or true
perspective because it is done mechanically and
systematically, but the process is too complicated to be
introduced to beginners.
• S E M I - A R T I S T O R S E M I - M EC H A N I C A L - the sizes of
the objects are visually estimated or proportioned while the
receding horizontal lines are drawn mechanically so that they
would meet in the horizon if sufficiently prolonged.
KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE DRAWING:
• PARALLEL PERSPECTIVE (1-PT. PERSPECTIVE)
- one surface of the object is parallel to the picture
plane. It has only one vanishing point.

• ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE (2-PT PERSPECTIVE/ 3-PT


PERSPECTIVE)
- no surface of the object is parallel to the picture
plane.
“THE LAST SUPPER” Painting by Leonardo da Vinci
A GOOD EXAMPLE OF PARALLEL PERSPECTIVE (1-PT. PERSPECTIVE)
PARALLEL PERSPECTIVE (1-PT. PERSPECTIVE)
“RULE OF THUMB IN BASIC ONE-POINT PERSPECTIVE: LINES ARE
EITHER VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL OR RECEDE TOWARD THE VP. “
ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE (2-PT. PERSPECTIVE)
Step 1
Draw your horizon line (HL) with a straight edge. You can place it anywhere on the
page, keeping in mind the HL always is the same as the viewer’s eye level. That
means that anything above the HL is taller than the viewer, and anything below
the HL is shorter than the viewer.
Step 2
Establish your two vanishing points on the HL. Make them as far apart on the
page as possible. You can even place one or both VPs off the page, so long as
they are still on the horizon.
Step 4
From this line, draw lines receding from the top and bottom ends to both VPs.
Step 5
Establish where each face will end in space by drawing vertical lines connecting
the two sets of receding lines. Since this is a made-up object, you can determine
this arbitrarily.
Step 6
From the tops of the back vertical edges, draw lines to the opposite vanishing
points. Where they cross establishes the back corner of your object.
A peaked roof can be added easily. First, find the center of any two walls on
opposite sides by drawing an “X” in them from corner to corner.
From the center of one X, draw a vertical line as high as you’d like the peak to
go. Then draw a line toward the opposite VP. Where this passes over the center
of the opposite X, draw another vertical line. This is the end point of the roof’s
peak.
Connect each end of the peak to the top four corners of the initial box and
you’ve drawn a perfectly peaked roof.

“RULE OF THUMB IN TWO-POINT: LINES ARE EITHER VERTICAL OR RECEDE


TOWARD ONE OF THE TWO VPS.”
ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE (2-PT. PERSPECTIVE)

“RULE OF THUMB IN TWO-POINT: LINES ARE EITHER VERTICAL OR RECEDE


TOWARD ONE OF THE TWO VPS.”
ANGULAR PERSPECTIVE (3-PT. PERSPECTIVE)
 The biggest difference in three-point perspective is that there are three
vanishing points (VPs).
 Two are along the horizon, just like two-point, but the third VP is located either
above the horizon (at the zenith) or below the horizon (the nadir), depending on
the area you intend to draw.
Step 1
To draw a simple shape in three-point perspective, start just as you would in
two-point perspective, with a HL and two VPs as close to the edge of your page
as possible. Only this time, rather than in the middle, place the HL close to the
top of your page if the viewer will be looking down, or the bottom of your page
if the viewer will be looking up.
Step 2
To begin, draw a line anywhere you’d like within the triangle toward VP3. It
doesn’t have to be vertical. You can make this line any length as well. It can end
before it reaches VP3 so long as it will end up there if extended.
Step 3
Draw lines from both ends of this line toward both of the horizon VPs, just as
you would in a two-point perspective drawing.
Step 4
To determine where your shape ends in space, draw lines from VP3 through
both sets of lines receding toward the two horizon VPs.
Step 5
Draw lines from the back corners toward the opposite horizon VPs and you’ve
completed a simple shape in three-point perspective. You can erase any
construction lines as needed.
From there, it’s easy to explore making more complicated shapes, so long as
you remember that all lines should recede toward one of the three VPs.

“RULE OF THUMB IN THREE-POINT PERSPECTIVE :ALL LINES RECEDE TOWARD


ONE OF THE THREE VPS.”
TIPS TO AVOID THE PROBLEM OF ACCIDENTALLY DRAWING OUTSIDE THE TRIANGLE:
You can tape down your paper to keep it stationary, then place pieces of tape on
your work surface outside of your paper to locate your VPs.
REFERENCE: PERSPECTIVE-DRAWING-EGUIDE.PDF
https://static-sympoz.s3.amazonaws.com/cat/reference/perspective-drawing-eguide/ima
ges/perspective-drawing-eguide.pdf

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