SOUTH AFRICA

BY- SAKSHAM GUPTA

&
HARSHIT PRATAP SINGH
SOUTH AFRICA: INSPIRING
NEW WAYS
LOCATION ON GLOBE
POLITICAL MAP
NATIONAL FLAG
 ABOUT FLAG
 The national flag is rectangular; it is one and a
half times as long as it is wide. It is black, gold,
green, white, chilli red and blue. It has a green
Y-shaped band that is one fifth as wide as
the flag.
 The flag of South Africa was designed in March
1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994.
 Green is considered to symbolize the fertility of
the land. Black symbolizes
the African community. Gold represents the
mineral wealth of the country. Blue represents
the endless possibilities for South Africans.
 ABOUT HISTORY
 Prior to 1650, the dutch made money through the West
African slave trade . When Great Britain began to outlaw
purchasing slaves from West Africa , they turned to
setting up trade posts in South Africa 1652.
 Over time they considered themselves more African than
European and called themselves Afrikaners . They
considered themselves superior to native Africans and
used them as slaves until the early 1800s when the British
took control of the Cape colony and abolished slavery.
 The Afrikaners were orginally called Boers, because many
dutch settlers of the old Cape colony became frontier
farmers.
 They established communities, developed their own
language and were committed to a policy of apartheid.
 EARLY 1800S IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
 After defeating the black South Africans, the Afrikaners had
migrated north of the orange river, known as the great Trek, due
to the British presence in the Cape Colony . The British were
colonizing.
 The British originally came to this ares as a trade post but
started settling.
 Large quantities of gold were found by the Afrikaners along
with the British discovering diamonds in Southern Africa in
1867.
 The riches , along with the colonial movement in general , led to
the British fighting for land during the Boer war of 1899-1902.
 Native Africans fought alongside the british due to their anti-
slavery attitude.
 The british won the Boer war and established the union of
South Africa in 1910.
 Even though it was a republic , the Afrikaners and less rights
than the british , but the black South Africans had no rights
under the british government similar to how the north treated
the south in the American civil war.
NATIONAL EMBLEMS
 GENERAL INFORMATION
(SOUTH AFRICA)
 OFFICIAL NAME – “REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA”
 CAPITAL – CAPETOWN

 CONTINENT – AFRICA

 LONGITUDE - 30.55 degree SOUTH

 LATITUDE – 22.9 degree EAST

 STANDARD TIME - GMT+2:00

 AREA COVERED – Ranked- 25 th , 1219912 km2 ,1,214470 km2 land, 4620

km2 water
 BORDERS – TOTAL LAND BORDERS : 4,862 km .

 NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES- Botswana , Lesotho , Mozambique,

Namibia, Swaziland, Zimbabwe (Total – 6 countries)
 RELIGION- CHRISTIAN 68% , MUSLIM – 40% , HINDU- 1.5%

 FOUNDATION- 31 May 1961

 Population Growth Rate - 1.4%

 Major cities -Cape Town , Durban , Johannesburg 

 Language - Afrikaans
English
Zulu
 Currency - Rand (ZAR)
 MAJOR CITIES
 Pretoria – The administrative capital of South Africa
 Bloemfontein– Location of the Supreme Court of Appeal, the highest court in non-
constitutional matters. The Constitutional Court in Johannesburg became the
highest court in constitutional matters in 1994.
 Cape Town – The legislative capital and seat of Parliament. A world-class city named
for its proximity to the Cape of Good Hope. Also within a stone's throw of South
Africa's winelands. One of the most beautiful cities in the world, nestled between the
sea and Table Mountain, it is a popular summer destination by both domestic
tourists and those from abroad.
 Durban – Largest city in KwaZulu-Natal, third largest in South Africa and popular
coastal holiday destination for South Africans.
 Newcastle– 3rd largest city in KwaZulu-Natal, one of the large regional cities in
South Africa and Capital of Northern KZN. Famous for Steel Production, Coal
Mining, Heavy Industry and is South Africa's Textile Industry Capital.
 Johannesburg – The economic heart of Africa and the most common entry point
into Southern Africa.
 Kimberley -- Capital of the Northern Cape Province. Famous for its diamonds and
"Big Hole".
 Polokwane – Capital of Limpopo (formerly known as Pietersburg) and a good jump
off point for visits to the northern parts of the Kruger National Park and Zimbabwe.
 Port Elizabeth – Coastal city in the Eastern Cape with Addo Elephant National
Park located close by.
 Upington – Located in the arid Northern Cape province, this city is a good base
when exploring the Kalahari desert and the many national parks located in
the Northern Cape.
 GEOGRAPHY OF SOUTH AFRICA
 South Africa occupies the southern tip of Africa, its coastline stretching
more than 2,850 kilometres (1,770 miles) from the desert border
with Namibia on the Atlantic (western) coast southwards around the tip of
Africa and then northeast to the border with Mozambique on the Indian
Ocean. The low-lying coastal zone is narrow for much of that distance,
soon giving way to a mountainous escarpment (Great Escarpment that
separates the coast from the high inland plateau. In some places, notably
the province of KwaZulu-Natal in the east, a greater distance separates the
coast from the escarpment. Although most of the country is classified
as semi-arid, it has considerable variation in climate as well as topography.
The total land area is 1,220,813 km2 (471,359 sq mi). It has the 23rd
largest Exclusive Economic Zone of 1,535,538 km2 (592,875 sq mi).
 The South African central plateau contains only two major rivers:
the Limpopo (a stretch of which is shared with Zimbabwe , and the Orange
(with its tributary, the Vaal) which runs with a variable flow across the
central landscape from east to west, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean at
the Namibian border.
 The eastern and southern coastal regions are drained by numerous shorter
rivers. There are very few coastal rivers along the arid west coast north of
31°30′S.
 In such a dry country, dams and irrigation  are extremely important: the
largest dam is the Gariep on the Orange River
 South Africa is flanked by two oceans. The
Atlantic ocean and the Indian Ocean meet at the
southernmost point of Africa, Cape Agulhas.
There are two major currents that influence the
temperature of the coastal waters. The cold
Benguela current runs along the west coast.
The warm Mozambique current runs along the
south coast
 Physical Geography
 South Africa has three main geographic regions: a great interior
plateau; an escarpment of mountain ranges that rims the plateau
on the east, south, and west; and a marginal area lying between
the escarpment and the sea. Most of the plateau consists of
highveld, rolling grassland situated at 4,000 to 6,000 ft (1,220–
1,830 m). In addition, in the northeast are the Witwatersrand (a
ridge of rock where gold has been mined since 1886), the
Bushveld Basin (a zone of savanna situated at 2,000–3,000 ft/610–
910 m), and the Limpopo River basin.
 In the north are the southern fringes of the Kalahari desert; and in
the west is the semiarid Cape middleveld, which includes part of
the Orange River and is situated at 2,500 to 4,000 ft (760–1,220 m).
The escarpment reaches its greatest heights (10,000–11,000
ft/3,050–3,350 m) in the Drakensberg Mts. in the east. The marginal
area varies in width between 35 and 150 mi (60–240 km) and most
of it is bordered by a narrow, low-lying coastal strip. The region
also includes considerable stretches of grassland in the east;
mountains and the semiarid Great and Little Karroo tablelands in
the south; and desert (a southern extension of the Namib desert)
in the west. Kruger National Park is in NE South Africa
 Political Geography
 South Africa is divided into nine provinces—Western Cape,
Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, North West, Free State,
KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng, Limpopo, and Mpumalanga. Before
1994, there were four provinces: Cape Province, Natal,
Orange Free State, and Transvaal. In addition, during
apartheid rule about 14% of the country's land area was set
aside for blacks in pseudoindependent territories (originally
called Bantustans), allegedly to allow them self-government
and cultural preservation. In fact, these homelands were
used to give the white government greater control and to
exclude blacks from the political process. Gazankulu,
Kangwane, KwaNdebele, KwaZulu, Lebowa, and QwaQwa
were Bantu national homelands that existed under South
African sovereignty. Transkei, the first homeland (1963),
Bophuthatswana, Ciskei, and Venda were all granted
independence by the early 1980s and existed as nominal
republics, although none were recognized internationally.
With the end of white minority rule in 1994, the black
homelands were abolished.
 ABOUT CLIMATE
 The climate in South Africa ranges from desert and semi-desert in
the north west of the country to sub-tropical on the eastern
coastline. The rainy season for most of the country is in the
summer, except in the Western Cape where the rains come in the
winter. Rainfall in the Eastern Cape is distributed evenly throughout
the year. Winter temperatures hover around zero, summers can be
very hot, in excess of 35° Celsius (95°F) in some places.
 South Africa is a diverse country, which range from mountains and
beaches, to deserts and bushveld. Along with the variety of people
and places, South Africa’s climate also differs from one region to
the next.
 The calendar dates for the seasons are as follows:
Autumn/Fall – 1 March – 31 May
Winter – 1 June – 31 August
Spring – 1 September – 30 November
Summer – 1 December – 28/29 February
 Some provinces have summer rainfall, with warm days and cooling
showers in the late afternoon. Others have scorching hot summers
and windy, wet winters. But even then, it’s nowhere as low as
winter temperatures in Europe. The country is quite dry, with
rainfall averages at around 464mm or less.
 Situated in the Southern hemisphere, Christmas
in South Africa is a sunny, beach-bound affair.
In fact, Christmas lunch is mostly enjoyed
outdoors. While the whole country has summer
over December, it’s good to read up on the
specific areas you’ll be visiting. During winter,
the coastal regions enjoy the warmest
temperatures. Inland, the high altitudes cause
temperatures to dip below freezing point. The
daily average temperatures are also lower here
in summer.
 DEMOGRAPHICS OF SOUTH AFRICA
 The population of South Africa is about 58.8 million people
of diverse origins, cultures, languages, and
religions. The 2011 South African census was the last held
and the next will be in 2021.
 In 2011, Statistics South Africa counted 2.1 million
foreigners in total. However, reports suggest that is an
underestimation. The real figure may be as high as five
million, including some three million Zimbabweans.
 CULTURE OF SOUTH AFRICA
 South Africa has been famously referred to as the
rainbow nation because it is made up of so many
diverse cultures and religions.  Contained within South
Africa's borders are Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Tswana,
Ndebele, Khoisan, Hindu, Muslim, and Afrikaner people
to name but a few. All of these people are united by
calling South Africa home, and therefore their lives all
contribute to forming a part of the country’s heritage,
identity and culture. Understanding that South Africa is
composed of all these various influences is essential
for helping South Africans to understand and respect
each other and to learn from each other’s cultural
practices. This is part of the healing that democracy
has brought after culture was used to divide South
Africans in the past.
 The culture of South Africa is known for its ethnic and
cultural diversity. The South African majority still has a
substantial number of rural inhabitants who lead largely
impoverished lives. It is among these people, however, that
cultural traditions survive most strongly; as South Africans
have become increasingly urbanized and Westernised,
aspects of traditional culture have declined. Urban South
Africans usually speak English or Afrikaans in addition to
their native language. There are smaller but still significant
groups of speakers of Khoisan languages, not included in
the eleven official languages, but are one of the eight other
officially recognised languages. There are small groups of
speakers of endangered languages, most of which are from
the Khoisan family, that receive no official status; however,
some groups within South Africa are attempting to promote
their use and revival.
 CUISINE OF SOUTH AFRICA
 The cuisine of South Africa is heavily meat-based and has
spawned the distinctively South African social gathering
known as a braai. A variation of the barbecue, braais often
feature boerewors or spicy sausages, and mielies (maize)
or Mielie-meal, often as a porridge, or pearl millet, a staple
food of black South Africans. Pastries such
like koeksisters and desserts like melktert (milk tart) are
also universally popular.
 Meat on a traditional South African braai

 Indian food like curry is also popular, especially

in Durban with its large Indian population. Another local
Indian Durban speciality is the 'bunny' or bunny chow,
which consists of a hollowed-out loaf of white bread filled
with curry.
 The Portuguese community has also made its mark, with
spicy peri-peri chicken being a favourite. The South African
Portuguese-themed restaurant
 South Africa has developed into a major wine producer,
with some of the best vineyards lying in valleys
around Stellenbosch, Franschhoek, Paarl and Barrydale.
 South African wine has a history dating back to 1659,
and at one time Constantia was considered one of the
greatest wines in the world. Access to international
markets has unleashed a burst of new energy and new
investment. Production is concentrated around Cape
Town, with major vineyard and production centres
at Paarl, Stellenbosch and Worcester.
 There are about 60 appellations within the Wine of
Origin (WO) system, which was implemented in 1973
with a hierarchy of designated production regions,
districts and wards. WO wines must be made 100%
from grapes from the designated area. "Single vineyard"
wines must come from a defined area of less than 5
hectares. An "Estate Wine" can come from adjacent
farms, as long as they are farmed together and wine is
produced on site. A ward is an area with a distinctive soil
type and/or climate, and is roughly equivalent to a
European appellation
 SPORTS
 South Africans have a passionate following, although they
remain largely divided along ethnic lines. Soccer, Cricket and
Rugby are the most popular sports.
 Rugby Union has traditionally been the most popular sport in
South Africa amongst White South Africans. The national
rugby team is nicknamed The Springboks. South Africa hosted
the 1995 Rugby World Cup, the first one hosted in Africa.
 Cricket is traditionally the popular sport among the white
British diaspora and Indian South African communities,
although it is now followed by members of all races. The
national cricket team is nicknamed The Proteas.
 Soccer has historically been particularly popular amongst
persons of African descent and is South Africa’s most popular
sport. The South Africa national soccer team, Bafana Bafana,
has not enjoyed considerable success since the early 20th
Century.
TRANSPORTATION TO REACH SOUTH
AFRICA
 By plane
 South Africa has 10 international airports, the two major
ones being Cape Town International and OR Tambo
Internation Airport in Johannesburg.Durban
International Airport is the third biggest airport. Regular
Flights from and to: Blantyre, Cairo, Gaborone, Dar es
Salaam, Harare, Lilongwe, Livingstone, Luanda, Lusaka,
 Kinshasa, Maputo, Manzini, Maun, Mauritius, Nairobi, Vi
ctoria Falls and Windhoek .Direct flights also arrive
from major European centres,
including: Amsterdam, Athens, Madrid, London, Paris, I
stanbul, Frankfurt, Munich, Zurich and Lisbon. There
are also direct flights from Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Doha, .
 TRANSPORTATION IN SOUTH AFRICA
 BY PLANE
 South Africa has a well established domestic air travel infrastructure
with links between all major centres. There are numerous local airlines
you can use to get around the country. 
 BY ROAD
 Hail taxis are generally not available in South Africa and to get a meter
taxi you need to walk to a public rank or pre-book a private taxi service
through a call centre which usually gives the price of your trip.

 BY BUS
 There are scheduled bus services between Cape Town,
Johannesburg, Durban and other cities (with stops in
between), as well as connections to neighbouring
countries. The main bus companies are:
 Greyhound
 Intercape Mainliner
 BY TRAIN
 Passenger Trains in South Africa
 The Passenger Rail Agency of South
Africa (PRASA)  is the national rail operator. There are
budget passenger services between major South
African cities.Shosholoza Meyl has three
classes.Including tourist class,economy class(known
as Shosholoza Meyl as well as Premier
Classes between Johannesburg, Cape Town and
Durban.
 The gautrain that operates in the Gauteng province is
a modern day high speed train. This can be very
efficient from OR tambo air port in Johannesburg.
Central Reservations
 TOURISM IN SOUTH AFRICA
 The growth of the tourism sector has been a boon for South Africa’s economy.
According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, the 2018 contribution of
the tourism sector in South Africa, directly accounted for 2.8% of real gross
domestic product (GDP), which amounts to R139 billion and this was
projected to grow to R145,3 billion for 2019.
 The indirect contribution of the tourism sector to the economy’s GDP in 2018
stood at an even higher 8.2%, which captures the strong economic links to the
demand and supply side that the sector has with other sectors of the South
African economy.
 In addition, the tourism sector direct employment accounted for 4.2% of total
employment in the South African economy in 2018 and this was projected to
increase to 709 thousands jobs in 2019, while tourism’s indirect contribution
to total employment stood at 9.2% for 2018.
 In 2018, South Africa recorded a total arrivals figure of 7.8 million from within
the African continent, which represents the largest percentage of international
arrivals to South Africa.
 In his State of the Nation Address in June 2019, President Cyril Ramaphosa
outlined an ambitious target of more than doubling South Africa’s
international arrivals to 21 million by 2030. To achieve this international arrival
target, the growth rate of international arrivals needs to increase to over 4% in
the short run and be consistently be maintained in excess of 6% until 2030 .
 REASONS TO VISIT SOUTH AFRICA
 Affordable - In South Africa, you can even afford luxury and have spending money for
shopping and other treats.
 Natural beauty - South Africa’s scenic wonders are legendary. From Table Mountain to
God’s Window, the mountains, forests, coasts and deserts will sooth your soul and
delight you.
 World-class facilities - We will fnd it easy to get around, fnd a comfortable place to stay
and have a great meal.
 Adventure - South Africa is the adventure capital of the world. With over 130
adventures, there is something for everyone from mountain walks to shark-cage
diving.
 Good weather - In sunny South Africa with a great weather, you can enjoy the outdoors,
play golf year-round and take advantage of the nearly 3 000 km coastline.
 Rainbow Nation - The Rainbow Nation celebrates all its African and immigrant cultures.
South Africans are known for their friendliness and hospitality.
 Diverse experiences - Go almost anywhere in South Africa and experience the ultimate
combination of nature, wildlife, culture, adventure, heritage and good vibe.
 Wildlife - The ubundant and diverse wildlife include the Big Five (African lion, African
elephant, Cape buffalo, African leopard and black rhinoceros).
 Freedom Struggle - Discover a nation’s struggle for freedom whilst following the
footsteps of Nelson Mandela, Hector Pieterson and many other celebrated
revolutionaries.
 Responsible tourism - In South Africa you can travel with care as you explore protected
areas, contribute  to social and conservation projects, and collect arts and crafts.
 TOURISM ATTRACTION IN SOUTH AFRICA
(UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE)
 CULTURAL
 Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa (1999,2005)

 Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape (2003)

 Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape (2007)

 Robben Island (1999)

 ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape (2017)

 NATURAL 
 Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains (2018)
 Cape Floral Region Protected Areas (2004,2015)

 iSimangaliso Wetland Park (1999)

 Vredefort Dome (2005)

 MIXED 

 Maloti-Drakensberg Park
 ECONOMY OF SOUTH AFRICA

 The economy of South Africa is the second largest in Africa. As a

manufacturing hub, it is the most industrialized, technologically advanced,
and diversified economy on the African continent. South Africa is an upper-
middle-income economy – one of only eight such countries in Africa. Since
1996, at the end of over twelve years of international sanctions, South
Africa's Gross Domestic Product almost tripled to peak at $400 billion in
2011, but has since declined to roughly $385 billion in 2019. In the same
period, foreign exchange reserves increased from $3 billion to nearly $50
billion creating a diversified economy with a growing and sizable middle
class, within two decades of ending apartheid. South African state owned
enterprises play a significant role in the country's economy with the
government owning a share in around 700 SOEs involved in a wide array of
important industries. In 2016 the top five challenges to doing business in
the country were inefficient government bureaucracy, restrictive labour
regulations, a shortage of skilled workers for some high tech industries,
political instability, and corruption, whilst the country's strong banking
sector was rated as a strongly positive feature of the economy.The nation
is among the G20, and is the only African member of the group
 MAIN INDUSTRIES

 Mining (World's Largest Producer Of Platinum

Group Metals, Gold, Chromium), Automobile
Manufacturing, Metalworking, Technology,
Machinery, Textiles, Iron And Steel, IT,
Chemicals, Fertiliser, Foodstuffs, Manufact
 EXPORT GOODS

 gold, diamonds, wines, iron ore, platinum,

nonferrous metals, electronics, machinery and
manufactured equipment, motor vehicles, fruits,
various agricultural foodstuffs, ground and air
military hardwarering, Commercial Ship Repair.
THANK
YOU