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Dicom Communication Protocols

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is a standard for transmitting and storing medical images and associated information. It defines protocols for connectivity, data formatting, compression, security, media storage, and communication of digital images between devices. DICOM incorporates a layered model and set of services and protocols to enable connectivity and sharing of medical imaging data between systems. It has become the global standard for medical imaging communication.

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84 views

Dicom Communication Protocols

DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) is a standard for transmitting and storing medical images and associated information. It defines protocols for connectivity, data formatting, compression, security, media storage, and communication of digital images between devices. DICOM incorporates a layered model and set of services and protocols to enable connectivity and sharing of medical imaging data between systems. It has become the global standard for medical imaging communication.

Uploaded by

cain velazquez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DICOM

Digital Imaging
Communications
in Medicine
Communication
Protocols: Key to
Connectivity
 Layered Model, each layer performs a specific function
 Set of Services and Protocols
 Connectivity requires sharing of a complete protocol
 Communication requires a shared Semantic Context
ISO Reference Model
APPLICATION File Transfer, E-mail, HTTP

Upper Layers PRESENTATION Data Formatting, Compression,Encryption


(DICOM)
SESSION Synchronization,Comm. Management

TRANSPORT End-to-End communication

NETWORK Internetworking
Lower Layers
LLC
DATA LINK
MAC Ethernet, FDDI, etc.
PHYSICAL
Fiber, Coax, UTP, µWave
Communication Standards
 Protocols are defined by standards
 A Standard is an agreement which may be
voluntary, Government mandated, or International
Law
 Protocols may also be proprietary
Who Defines
Communication
Standards?
 User Consortia (e.g., HL7)
 Organizations (e.g., NEMA, IEEE)
 US Government Agencies (e.g., ANSI, NIST)
 Foreign Government Agencies (e.g., CEN)
 United Nations (e.g., ISO, CCITT)
ACR-NEMA

 1982 - ACR and NEMA form a joint committee


 1985 - Publication of Version 1.0
 1988 - Compression and Mag Tape Standards
 1988 - Publication of Version 2.0
 1989 - Began work on Network Version with HIS/RIS
DICOM
 The name was changed to separate the standard
from the originating body
 1991 - Release of Parts 1 and 8 of DICOM
 1992 - RSNA demonstration, Part 8
 1993 - DICOM Parts 1-9 approved,
RSNA demonstration of ALL parts
 1994 - Part 10: Media Storage and File Format
 1995 - Parts 11,12, and 13 plus Supplements
The Parts of the DICOM Standard
 Part 1 - Introduction and Overview
 Part 2 - Conformance
 Part 3 - Information Object Definitions
 Part 4 - Service Class Definitions
 Part 5 - Data Structures & Semantics
 Part 6 - Data Element Listing and Typing
 Part 7 - Message Exchange Protocol
 Part 8 - Network Support for Message Exchange
 Part 9 - Point-to-Point Support
The Parts of the DICOM Standard
 Part 10 - Media Storage and File Format
 Part 11 - Media Storage Application Profiles
 Part 12 - Media Formats and Physical Media
 Part 13 - Print Management Point-to-Point
DICOM Application
Domain
,Storage, Query/Retrieve
LiteBox

Study Component MAGN

ETOM

Print Management
Query/Retrieve
Results Management

Media Exchange

Query/Retrieve, Patient & Study Management

Information Management System


Summary of DICOM
Features
 NETWORK PROTOCOL
 DICOM incorporates negotiation to permit nodes to agree on
the functions to be performed
 MESSAGE ENCODING
 DICOM defines 24 data types (V2.0 had 4)
 DICOM message encoding includes JPEG compression (17
varients)
 DICOM includes encapsulated image and multi-frame syntaxes
 DICOM supports multiple character repertoires
Summary of DICOM Features
 OBJECT DATA MODEL
 DICOM is based on a completely specified data model
 DICOM includes a robust UID mechanism

 DATA DICTIONARY
 DICOM includes a large number of new data elements

 SERVICE CLASSES
 DICOM defines classes of service for specific applications (e.g.
image management, printing) and conformance levels
Summary of DICOM Features

 Off-Line Media Support


 DICOM defines a directory structure and media profiles

 CONFORMANCE
 DICOM requires conformance statements and contains detailed
conformance requirements
DICOM Terminology
 DICOM Message Service Element (DIMSE) - The set of
DICOM Application Layer communication services.

 DIMSE Service Group (DSG) - A subset of the full DIMSE


services which is applicable to a specific IOD.

 Information Object Definition (IOD) - A data abstraction of a


class of real-world objects. A collection of related
attributes (data elements).
DICOM Terminology
 Service Class - A set of functionality relating to a
single type or real-world activity. Composed of a set
of SOP Classes plus rules and associated
semantics.

 Service-Object-Pair Class (SOP) - The atomic unit of


DICOM functionality. Composed of an IOD and a
DIMSE Service Group plus restrictions or extensions
of the IOD. (Equivalent to an Object Class)
Service-Object Pair Class
Data Dictionary

Information Object DIMSE Service Group

SOP
Real-World Object
DICOM Service Classes
 Composite
 Verification
 Storage
 Query/Retrieve
 Study Content Notification
 Normalized
 Patient Management
 Study Management
 Results Management
 Basic Print Management
Conformanc
e
 DICOM Part 2 specifies the structure of a
conformance statement

 DICOM does not specify a test suite or a


compliance verification mechanism

 All DICOM implementations must be supported by


a properly constructed conformance statement
DICOM Conformance
Statement
 Implementation Model which describes the Application Entities
in the implementation
 Detailed specification of each Application Entity
 SOP Classes supported
 policies for initiation and acceptance of associations
 Presentation Contexts
 SOP options
 Supported communications protocols
 Specializations
 Configuration
Purpose of a Conformance
Statement
 Allow a user to determine which optional
components of the DICOM Standard are
supported by a particular implementation, and
what extensions or specializations an
implementation adds.
 By comparing the Conformance Statements from
two implementations, a knowledgeable user
should be able to determine whether or not
interoperability is possible.
DICOM Conformance
Testing
 No Formal Mechanism is Defined in the Standard
 Committee for the Advancement of DICOM
 Define initial test plan and cross-connect matrix
 Future RFP for organization to monitor the process
 Problem: How to Map DICOM Conformance
Statements into Test Plans
The DICOM Explosion
 Joint CEN-DICOM development
 Medicom = DICOM
 MIPS 95 work is underway with JIRA
 IS&C Harmonization is also in progress
 HL7 Harmonization continuing interest
 New DICOM organization
 Companies: NEMA and non-NEMA
 ACR, ACC, CAP, ...
 individuals
Summar
 Networking is a criticalycomponent of all medical
imaging systems
 Support for Open Communication Standards is a
MUST
 DICOM is here, NOW
 DICOM products exist on the market
 DICOM is emerging as THE common protocol for
medical image communication - WORLD WIDE!

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