A study of Vehicle Kilometres Travel

Among Malaysia Motor Vehicle

Users.

NAME: ADEDOKUN, OLADIMEJI.

MATRIC NO: GS47931
 Objectives
• To determine annual vehicle kilometer travel
(VKT) among Malaysia motor vehicle users .
• To compare annual VKT between different
groups of motor vehicle users (Age, household
income, gender and etc.)
• To investigate the impact of demographic
factors (income, age, education level) on
annual VKT.
 METHODOLOGY
Survey Area Malaysia

Sample Size 30 vehicles (15 motorcycle , 15 motor car)

Study Period 2 - 3 weeks ( 27/11/2017 - 18/12/2017)

Method of pictures were taken from the vehicle users

Reading odometer, the first picture was taken on 27th of
Odometer Nov and after a duration of 2 weeks the second
picture was sent through whatsapp application.

Analysis Determine the distribution , Hypothesis tests,

linear regression
 Copy of Questionnaire.
Taking Odometer reading for cars
Taking Odometer reading for motorcycles.
 Rational behind the choosen variables
• Income: people with high income are expected to travel more while
some might decide to use public transportation or walk due to high
rate of poverty, but this changes as salary increases, so the
relationship is not linear but exponential.
• Household size: if you are single it might be convenient for you to
take public transport but it would probably not be convenient for
married people because of the kids, maybe if you don't have a kid yet
it might just be like you are single, how large the family can be also
considered as a factor.
• Age: we expect the young people to drive less, maybe because price
of fuel, toll and car maintenance is high and they cant afford it,
middle age are expected to drive more because they are strong, have
money and the have more responsibilities and ability to make more
money, while old people are expected to drive less because they are
old with less energy, little need to drive or go out due to less activity.
• Gender: Generally Male drivers are found more on
the road compare to female drivers, in most cases
when families has to make a trip, the fathers drives
and in most cases in the society male are entrusted
with more responsibilities and activities which
require them to drive more. More males are
employed as a driver compare to female.
  Data’s
No. Gender Type of Age Work Odometer (1st Odometer VKT( 2 VKM
vehicles location reading) (2ndreading) Weeks) ( ANUAL
)
1 Male Car 26 Klang 29732 31863 1455 35300
2 Male Car 30 Damansara 204948 205168 1168 5561
3 Female Car 31 Southcity 48002 48960 1945 18406
4 Male Car 27 Serdang 346805 347177 1543 8203
5 Female Car 34 Perak 126891 128050 3684 21882
6 Male Car 24 Putrajaya 16154 17600 2111 26870
7 Male Car 28 KL 99550 99886 1447 7578
8 Male Car 26 Cheras 198612 200233 1721 29912
9 Female Car 26 Kajang 133677 133924 536 23412
10 Male Car 59 Ipoh 501417 503428 1646 34953
11 Female Car 31 Southcity 111571 115055 1359 622938
12 Female Car 26 KL Sentral 8848 10191 572 25080
13 Male Car 25 Putrajaya 106079 107821 1159 32067
14 Male Car 27 Sepang 62379 63347 420 18562
15 Male Car 16 ipoh 168325 169580 2131 23551
No. Gender Vehicle Age Working Odometer (1st Odometer (2nd VKM ( 2 VKM
Types Location reading) reading) weeks) ( Annual)
1 Male motorcycle 25 UPM 45984 47192 1208 20996

2 Male motorcycle 19 Serdang 17115 17998 883 15347

3 Male motorcycle 17 Serdang 48732 50212 1490 25723

4 Female motorcycle 19 UPM 21764 23118 1354 23533

5 Female motorcycle 20 UPM 245312 245910 558 10393

6 Male motorcycle 24 Serdang 578511 59541 1690 29373

7 Male motorcycle 17 Putrajaya 112462 114210 1748 30381

8 Female motorcycle 22 Serdang 74583 77215 2632 45746

9 Male motorcycle 19 UPM 342792 344365 1573 31842

10 Male motorcycle 19 UPM 83619 85451 1832 31841

11 Male motorcycle 17 UPM 116736 117962 1226 21309

12 Male motorcycle 18 UPM 64930 67794 2864 49779

13 Male motorcycle 18 Serdang 14213 14710 497 8638

14 Male motorcycle 18 Sri Serdang 367692 368498 801 13922

 DATA ANALYSIS.

 Descriptive Statistics.

 Hypothesis Test.

 Multiple Linear Regression.

  Descriptive statistics.
VKM( annual) Colum

   
Mean 24908.6 Mean 24519.3
Mean 24714
Median 23551 Median 23533
Median 23542

Mode 31841 Mode #N/A Mode 31841

Standard Deviation 13006.97586 Standard Deviation 13980.03788 Standard Deviation 12446.86974

Sample Variance 169181421 Sample Variance 195441459.1 Sample Variance 154924566.2

Minimum 5561 Minimum 5561

Minimum 8638
Maximum 62293 Maximum 62293 Maximum 49779

Count 30 Count 15 Count 15

 HISTOGRAM CHART
FREQUENCY

VKM total

0 5000- 10000- 15000- 20000- 25000- 30000- 35000- 40000- 45000- 50000- 55000- 60000-
10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000 60000 65000

Vkm (km)
  HYPOTHESIS TEST
• H0 : There is no significant difference in the average
of annual VKT between car and motorcycle.
H0 : µ1 - µ 2 = 0
• H1 : There is a significant difference in the average
of annual VKT between car and motorcycle.
H 1 : µ1 - µ 2 ≠ 0
• Assume level of significant = 0.05 (95% confidence)
• Degree of freedom = (15+15)-2= 28
• Population variance unknown, small sample<30 ,
population normally distributed, population
variances equal.
Critical region.

  𝑡 < − 𝑡 0.025,28 =− 2.048

𝑡 >𝑡 0.025,28 =2.048

 Sample mean and standard deviation.

Car   ´𝑥 =24908.6    
1
Motorcycle
´𝑥 =24519.3   2
𝑠1=13980 𝑠 2=12446.8

Population Standard Deviation.

  2 ( 𝑛1 −1 ) 𝑠21 + ( 𝑛2 − 1 ) 𝑠 22
𝑆 =
𝑝
𝑛1 +𝑛2 − 2
2 ( 15 −1 ) 139802 + ( 15− 1 ) 12446.8 2
𝑆 𝑝=   =13235.6
15+15− 2
••  Test statistic:
  ( ´𝑥1 − ´𝑥 2) − ( 𝜇 1 − 𝜇2 )
𝑡=
1 1
𝑠𝑝
√+
𝑛 1 𝑛2
( 24908.6 −24519.3 )
𝑡=
1 1
13235.6
√ +
15 15

Critical region ( )
Fail to reject , in other words there is no significant di
VKT between motorcycle and car.
 CONCLUSION.
According to the statistical analysis it was noted that there is
no significant difference in vehicle km travel between
motorcycle and car users.
This result might be as a result of these following :
• Short duration of survey : Due to the limitation of time, the
study of VKT of vehicles in Km was conducted for just 2
weeks, the time is quite short to base our conclusion on it
• The study covered a small area: A noticeable percentage of
the vehicle users stays within UPM and serdang, which
leads to less difference in VKT of cars and motorcycles
users because most of the users are student which has a
good influence on the travel destination
 MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION.
Hypothesis :
• Is There any linear relationship between Gender and Age to the annual VKT of
Malaysian driver
Gender and Age is not related to the annual VKT among Malaysian driver
 

At least (gender or age ) related to the annual VKT among Malaysian driver

 𝐻 1 ; 𝛽 𝑗 ≠0
• Assume a Significant Level of 0.05 (95% confidence)
 F-Test
SUMMARY OUTPUT                
                 
Regression Statistics                
Multiple R 0.247256563              
R Square 0.061135808              
-
Adjusted R Square 0.008409688              
Standard Error 13061.55366              
Observations 30             
                 
ANOVA                
  df SS MS F Significance      
F
299948242. 0.42671456
Regression 2 149974121.2 0.879076455      
3 9
Residual 27 4606312966 170604183.9          
Total 29 4906261208            
                 
  Coefficients Standard t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0%
Error
Intercept 12466.08306 10600.0617 1.176038721 0.249845043 -9283.4471 34215.61322 -9283.4471 34215.61322
4
-
5208.17755
X Variable 1 6266.84057 1 1.203269379 0.239316928 4419.45706 16953.1382 -4419.457065 16953.1382
5
-
X Variable 2 165.5864415 326.263834 0.507523128 0.615908674 503.851649 835.0245326 -503.8516496 835.0245326
6
                 
                 
                 
•  
• Regression equation;
  𝑦=12466 + 6266 𝑥 1 +165.58 𝑥2
¿

• R square=0.061
• Significance F= 0.426
  𝐹>  𝛼 )

  𝐻0
Fail to reject , it means that at least on of these
independent value (gender, age) has a linear relations
VKT among Malaysia vehicle users.
 THANKS

FOR

YOUR

UNDIVIDED

ATTENTION.