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6-Radiated Field Components - Hertzian dipole-20-Jul-2020Material - II - 20-Jul-2020 - Dipole - Monopole - 2

The document discusses several types of wire antennas including scalar and vector potentials, Hertzian dipoles, short dipoles, half wavelength dipoles, monopoles, and long wire antennas. It focuses on Hertzian dipoles, describing them as infinitesimal antenna elements excited by alternating current. The fields associated with Hertzian dipoles, including the electric and magnetic fields, are derived. Examples of problems calculating radiation resistance, efficiency, power radiated, and power density from Hertzian dipoles operating at different frequencies are also provided.

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Barry Allen
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226 views26 pages

6-Radiated Field Components - Hertzian dipole-20-Jul-2020Material - II - 20-Jul-2020 - Dipole - Monopole - 2

The document discusses several types of wire antennas including scalar and vector potentials, Hertzian dipoles, short dipoles, half wavelength dipoles, monopoles, and long wire antennas. It focuses on Hertzian dipoles, describing them as infinitesimal antenna elements excited by alternating current. The fields associated with Hertzian dipoles, including the electric and magnetic fields, are derived. Examples of problems calculating radiation resistance, efficiency, power radiated, and power density from Hertzian dipoles operating at different frequencies are also provided.

Uploaded by

Barry Allen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wire Antennas

• Scalar and Vector potentials (Retarded


Potential)
• Hertzian Dipole (Elementary Dipole)
• Short Dipole
• Half wavelength dipole
• Monopole
• Long wire antenna
• Helical Antenna

Reference: C. A. Balanis (Ch-4 and 10); K.D Prasad,


J.D.Krauss
Scalar and Vector potentials (Retarded Potential)
(11
)

(12)

(13)
Hertz Dipole Antenna
• An infinitesimal element excited with an
alternating current is called the Hertz
dipole.
• In practice a linear antenna can be
approximated by a Hertz dipole if the linear
antenna is of size much smaller than the
wavelength.
• Abuilding block in calculating the field of a
practical antenna using integration
Let the Hertzian dipole of length dl is carrying current
I
If the current is varying sinusoidally then:

Current moment

Now let us consider our antenna is located at origin and observation point is
located at a distance r from origin as shown in fig. , then
Magnetic vector potential at r distance will be

The potential A follows the direction


of the current ( dl ). Here since I is in z
direction A also follows it.

Components Az in perpendicular and parallel directions will be

Here Aɸ component is perpendicular to the


paper and this vector potential doesn’t have
any component in this direction.
r.

The dipole is time invariant with


respect to ɸ component hence

.r
Electric field calculation using Magnetic field

source free 2nd Maxwell’s equation


From this derivation we can conclude that the Hertzian
dipole consist three type of fields and these fields are
functions of distance separation. Depending on distance
these fields are sub divided into three regions.
The field associated with Er, Eθ,and Hɸ
The region between origin and r/6 is associated with induction and electrostatic field
and the region beyond r/6 distance is associated with radiation field. Here, our
intention is to observe radiation only, hence we can eliminate the fields in the near
region (that means 1/r2 and 1/r3 terms in Er, Eθ, and Hɸ
).
Finally we can get the fields associated with Hertzian dipole are:
Problems
1. A Hertizian dipole antenna has length 3m and is operated in free space at a frequency of
610 KHz. A current of amplitude 20A is driven in to the antenna and 2W of input power is
dissipated into the antenna wires.
Find the following I. Radiation resistance of the antenna
II. Radiation efficiency of the antenna
III. Pointing vector radiated to this antenna at R = 20km, =/2,  = /4.
2. A hertz dipole has of 0.1 m length has rms current of 10 A at 30 MHz. What is
the total power radiated by dipole? What is the power density at distance from
the 10 Km of the dipole along the broad side.
3. Find the distance from the hertz dipole at which reactive
fields become 90% of the radiation field. When used
frequency is 20 MHz
Current Distribution in different dipole antennas
Distribution on a Thin Wire Antenna

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