Scribd
Upload
76 views13 pages

Vapor Power Cycle Lecture 3

This document discusses ways to improve the efficiency of the Rankine cycle through regeneration. It explains that regeneration involves extracting steam from the turbine to heat the feedwater entering the boiler. This raises the average temperature of heat addition, improving efficiency. Regeneration can be accomplished with open feedwater heaters, which mix steam and feedwater, or closed heaters, which transfer heat without mixing. The efficiency increases further with more heaters added up to the optimal economic number.

Uploaded by

Abdur Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
76 views13 pages

Vapor Power Cycle Lecture 3

This document discusses ways to improve the efficiency of the Rankine cycle through regeneration. It explains that regeneration involves extracting steam from the turbine to heat the feedwater entering the boiler. This raises the average temperature of heat addition, improving efficiency. Regeneration can be accomplished with open feedwater heaters, which mix steam and feedwater, or closed heaters, which transfer heat without mixing. The efficiency increases further with more heaters added up to the optimal economic number.

Uploaded by

Abdur Rehman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE

CYCLE
A careful examination of the T-s
diagram of the Rankine cycle
reveals that heat is transferred to
the working fluid during process 2-
2’ at a relatively low temperature.
This lowers the average heat
addition temperature and thus the
cycle efficiency.
To remedy this shortcoming, we
look for ways to raise the
temperature of the liquid leaving
the pump (called the feedwater)
before it enters the boiler.
THE IDEAL REGENERATIVE RANKINE CYCLE…

A practical regeneration process in steam power plants


is accomplished by extracting, or “bleeding,” steam
from the turbine at various points.

This steam, which could have produced more work by


expanding further in the turbine, is used to heat the
feedwater instead. The device where the feedwater is
heated by regeneration is called a regenerator, or a
feedwater heater (FWH).
Regeneration not only improves cycle efficiency, but
also provides a convenient means of deaerating the
feedwater (removing the air that leaks in at the
condenser) to prevent corrosion in the boiler.

A feedwater heater is basically a heat exchanger where


heat is transferred from the steam to the feedwater
either by mixing the two fluid streams (open
feedwater heaters) or without mixing them (closed
feedwater heaters).
Open Feedwater Heaters
An open (or direct-contact) feedwater heater is
basically a mixing chamber, where the steam extracted
from the turbine mixes with the feedwater exiting the
pump.
Ideally, the mixture leaves the heater as a saturated
liquid at the heater pressure.
The Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle
With An Open Feedwater Heater
The Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle
With An Open Feedwater Heater

Fraction of steam Extracted


The thermal efficiency of the Rankine cycle increases as a result
of regeneration.

This is because regeneration raises the average temperature at


which heat is transferred to the steam in the boiler by raising the
temperature of the water before it enters the boiler.

The cycle efficiency increases further as the number of


feedwater heaters is increased. Many large plants in operation
today use as many as eight feedwater heaters.

The optimum number of feedwater heaters is determined from


economical considerations. The use of an additional feedwater
heater cannot be justified unless it saves more from the fuel
costs than its own cost.
Closed Feedwater Heaters

Another type of feedwater heater frequently used in


steam power plants is the closed feedwater heater, in
which heat is transferred from the extracted steam
to the feedwater without any mixing taking place. The
two streams now can be at different pressures, since
they do not mix.
In an ideal closed feedwater heater, the feedwater is
heated to the exit temperature of the extracted steam,
which ideally leaves the heater as a saturated liquid at
the extraction pressure. In actual power plants, the
feedwater leaves the heater below the exit temperature
of the extracted steam because a temperature
difference of at least a few degrees is required for any
effective heat transfer to take place.
The Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle With A Closed
Feedwater Heater
Example 10.5 and 10.6 from Yunus A. cengel
(Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach 5th
Edition)
Tray-type deaerator
Boiler feedwater enters the vertical deaeration section
above the perforated trays and flows downward through
the perforations. Low-pressure deaeration steam enters
below the perforated trays and flows upward through
the perforations.
Some designs use various types of packing material,
rather than perforated trays, to provide good contact and
mixing between the steam and the boiler feed water.
The steam strips the dissolved gas from the boiler
feedwater and exits via the vent at the top of the domed
section. Some designs may include a vent condenser to
trap and recover any water entrained in the vented gas.

You might also like