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PIC Microcontroller

The document discusses the PIC microcontroller family, describing key features of 8-bit and 18-bit PIC microcontrollers including memory size, number of I/O pins, timers, and additional features like ADC channels. Selection criteria for choosing a PIC microcontroller are provided such as speed, memory size, number of I/O pins, power consumption, and available features. An overview is given of the PIC18F458 microcontroller highlighting its memory, I/O pins, timers, and communication features.

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135 views18 pages

PIC Microcontroller

The document discusses the PIC microcontroller family, describing key features of 8-bit and 18-bit PIC microcontrollers including memory size, number of I/O pins, timers, and additional features like ADC channels. Selection criteria for choosing a PIC microcontroller are provided such as speed, memory size, number of I/O pins, power consumption, and available features. An overview is given of the PIC18F458 microcontroller highlighting its memory, I/O pins, timers, and communication features.

Uploaded by

k2_chaitanya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PIC Microcontroller

 PIC 16CXX, PIC18FXX are 8-bit


microcontroller by Microchip.
 It uses High speed RISC Architecture
 PIC are popular due to High performance, Low cost,& small
Size.
 Mostly Single word instructions, except 4 two
word instructions.
 Operating frequency for 18CXX – DC to 40 MHz
 Some advanced versions include ADC with 4-8
Channels
 General features includes Timers, Watch dog timers,
ADC, Extended
2
Instruction / Data memory , Serial communication , Capture/
Harvard Architecture
Von Neumann
Architecture
 Von Neumann Architecture:
 Fetches instructions and
data from a single memory
space
8-bit Bus Program
& Data
 Limits operating bandwidth
Memory
CPU  Harvard
Harvard Architecture:
 Uses two separate memory
Architecture
spaces for program
instructions and data
8-bit Bus Data  Improved operating bandwidth
Memory

CPU
 Allows for different bus
16-bit Bus
widths
Program 3
Memory
Comparison of PIC Family
PIC
Family
Pins Flash/ Timers I/O pins/ Additional Features
RAM ADC
Memory channels
range
PIC 6 896 B/ 64B 8 bit(2), PWM 4/ 2ch. ---
10CXX (2) 8bit

PIC 8 3.5 8 bit(2), 16 6/ 3 ch.8 bit USART(1)


12CXX KB/128- BIT(1)PW
256 B M (2)
PIC 14- 7-28 8 bit(4), 16 12/ 4 ch 10 WDT, Data E,
16FXX 40 KB/512B- BIT(1)PW bit, USART, I2C,
2KB M (2) SPIEPROM
PIC 40- 2 MB/32- 3 Timers, 33- 72/ 12 USB, 12 bit ADC,
18FXX 100 128 KB WDT, PWM ch 10 bit CAN , I2C, SPI Bus,
USART 4
New for 18 series
 The number of instructions more than doubled, with 16-bit
instruction
word
 Enhanced Status register
 Hardware 8 × 8 multiply
 More external interrupts
 Two prioritized interrupt vectors
 Radically different approach to memory structures, with
increased memory size
 Bigger Stack, with some user access and control
 Phase-locked loop (PLL) clock generator.

5
Selection Criteria for PIC Microcontroller
 1) Speed
 2) Amount of RAM/ ROM
 3) Number of I/O pins, Timers
 4) Power consumption
 5) Availability of tools
 6) Added features like ADC/ DAC/ CCP, Bus support like
CAN, SPI, I2C, USB.
 7) Watchdog timer, Timer modes, Data EEPROM etc.

6
PIC 18F458

High-Performance, Enhanced
Flash Microcontrollers with
CAN

7
Features of IC 18F452/458
 It uses 16-bit wide instructions, 8-bit wide data path.
 Program memory 2MBytes ROM [21 Address line]
 4KBytes of Data RAM [12 Address lines]
 32 KB flash ROM
 256 bytes – Data EEPROM – for storing critical information
 10 bit, 8 channel ADC
 5 ports A[6], B,C,D[8], E[3] =33 IO lines
 Capture/ Compare/ Pulse width modulation module.

8
Features of PIC 18F458
High-Performance RISC CPU:

 Three external interrupt pins,


 Has 15 bank registers with 256 entries, GPR [ variable]
and SFR [fixed locations]
 Priority levels for interrupts.
 USART , 3 Timers/ Counters 8-bit/16-bit timer/counter
with 8-bit programmable prescaler
 DC-40 MHz clock Input
 High current sink /source 25 mA/25 mA

9
PIC 18F452 General Architecture

10
Review: MPU and Memory

11
PIC18F Programming Model
 The representation of the internal
architecture of a microprocessor, necessary
to write assembly language programs
 Divided into two groups
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Registers
 From Microprocessor Unit (MPU)
 Special Function Registers (SFRs)
 From Data (File) Memory

12
PIC18F Programming Model

14
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
 Instruction Decoder
 16-bit Instructions
 STATUS: Flag Register
 5 individual bits called flags
 WREG (W): Working Register
 8-bit Accumulator
 Product
 16-bit Product of 8-bit by 8-bit Multiply
Arithmetic Logic Unit

Example
ADDWF F, d, a ;Add WREG to File (Data) Reg.
; S a v e r e s u l t i n W.E.,Piufnde. =0
Pro f . M . N . K a ka tk a r, S .C .O 16
;Save result in F if d = 1
Flags in Status Register

 N (Negative Flag)
 Set when bit B7 is one as the result of an arithmetic/logic operation
 OV (Overflow Flag)
 Set when result of an operation of signed numbers goes beyond 7-
bits
 Z (Zero Flag)
 Set when result of an operation is zero
 DC (Digit Carry Flag) (Half Carry)
 Set when carry generated from Bit3
 to Bit4 in an arithmetic operation
 C (Carry Flag)
Set when an addition generates carry
Registers
 Program Counter (PC)
 21-bit register functions as a pointer to program
memory during program execution
 Table Pointer
 21-bit register used as a memory pointer to copy
bytes between program memory and data registers
 Stack Pointer (SP)
 5-bit register used to point to the stack
 Stack
 31 registers used for temporary storage of memory

addresses during execution of a program


Registers
 BSR: Bank Select Register (0 to F)
 4-bit Register
 Provides upper 4-bits of 12-bit address of data
memory
 FSR: File Select Registers
 FSR0, FSR1, and FSR2
 FSR: composed of two 8-bit registers
 FSRH and FSRL
 Used as pointers for data registers
 Holds 12-bit address of data register

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