Energy Crises In

Pakistan

Group Members:
Muhammad Faizan.
Muhammad Omer.
Humza Ansar.
 What Is Energy Crises?

 An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in
the supply of energy resources to an economy. It
usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to
electricity or other natural resources.
 Introduction

 Electricity Crisis in Pakistan is one of the severe
challenges the country is facing today. Electricity is
essential part of our daily life and its shortage has
severely affected the economy and overall living of ours.
Pakistan is currently facing up to 18 hours of electricity
outage a day, is expected to face more if not dealt with in
time.
 Current Energy Crises

 Current Energy Annual Shortfall goes even up to 5,000 MW
 Annual Increase in Energy Demand: 8-12%
 Peak Demand: 13,000 – 18,000 MW
 Today’s Energy Shortfall: 3,059 MW

 Conventional options for power
generation

 Hydropower
 Coal
 Oil (conventional/diesel) & Gas (indigenous/import)
 Nuclear
 Hydropower Energy

 Present demand of electricity in country in actual is
above 17,000 MW and will be 30,000 MW by year 2017
 Energy deficit was 3,000 to 5,000 MW .
 Hydropower Potential - 100,000 MW
 70 % of hydro potential lies in KPK
 Hydropower Stations.

 Current Hydropower stations:
Tarbella Dam : 3,478 MW
Ghazi Brotha: 1450 MW
Mangla 1,000 MW
Warsak 240 MW
Chashma 184 MW
 Potential Hydropower stations:
Diamer-Bhasha Dam 4500 MW
Munda Dam – Swat river in Mohamand Agency 740 MW
Kalabagh Dam 2400-3600 MW
Bunji Dam 5400 MW

 Nuclear Energy

 Pakistan has around 30 thousand metric tons of
uranium.
 Pakistan has two nuclear reactors of 425 MW power.
 It is only 2.4 % of the electricity production.
 Coal Energy

 Pakistan produces only 0.2 % of its power through coal.
 The current coal production in Pakistan is only 3.5
million tons per year.
 In Pakistan, there are plans to build only two 300 MW
coal-fired plants at Thar.

 Causes of energy crises

 Crises in hydropower energy
 Crises in coal
 Crises in oil & gas
 Crises in nuclear
 Poor governance
 Corruption
 Electricity theft
 Hydropower

 Environmental impact
 Provincial disputes
 Geological
 Long development and construction phase
 Financing
 Snow melt unpredictability (climate
change?)
 Coal
 Mining challenges (deep 
mining technology and lack of
expertise)
 Quality of coal
 Water requirement
 Long development and construction phase
 Financing
 Environmental impact
 Oil & Gas

 Indigenous resources depleting (oil & gas reserves)
 Imported oil based energy expensive and price volatile
 Iran pipeline - International politics
 Burden of energy “insecurity”
 Nuclear

 Obstacles due to international concerns
 Financing
 Long lead time
 Project execution delays and cost overruns
 Cost of waste management
 Poor policy making:

 The months of January to May have very low
hydropower available since reservoirs are empty and
snow melt will not, start till June. The Tarbela reservoir
receives about 95 percent of its water through snow
melt. The natural gas is in short supply and is available
only to produce 29 percent MW of electricity. As over 50
percent of current generation is dependent on furnace
oil, it is not viable for the government to purchase and
provide oil at such high price. Therefore, many plants
are either shut or producing much below their capacity.
 POOR POLICY MAIKNG:

 In any case, renewable resources of energy like solar
energy and wind energy should be explored.
 Neighboring China is rapidly moving towards alternative
energy.
 Lack of transparency is the biggest hurdle in development
of alternative energy.
 In one report, Nepra did not allow setting up of wind mills
in Sind as the power companies demanded 8 cents per unit
and Nepra was adamant to pay Rs 7.5. This was back in
2007. Now in 2011, Nepra is willing to pay 16 cents per
unit, to the same companies, how ironical?
 Effects of energy crises in Pakistan


 Effects on industry.
 Unemployment.
 Effect on foreign exchange.
 Agriculture.
 Effect on poverty.
 

SOLUTIONS
 SOLAR ENERGY

 • Solar power (photovoltaic or thermal) is another
alternative energy source option that is generally
considered feasible for tropical and equatorial
countries.Solar plants are generally used in cases
where smaller amounts of power are required at
remote locations.Solar power is also the most
expensive of all options making it less attractive.


 Conclusion.

 Energy Crisis has, more or less, plagued all sectors of
Pakistan’s machinery ranging from economy to
industry, agriculture to social life, inflation to poverty
and it is hampering national progress in a drastic
manner. Nonetheless, menace of energy crisis can be
overwhelmed by government through making effective
policies and its proactive implementation.
Simultaneously, it is the responsibility of us, the people
of Pakistan, to utilize the available energy astutely and
wisely to play our due role for progress of the country.
