Mathematics

Secondary 2
 Motivation
Learning new things is better than
sitting still
waiting for the better condition
which can’t give any clues.

@what_hengky_said
Direct and Inverse Proportions
 Learning Explain the concept of direct proportion
Explain
Objectives using tables, equations and graphs.

At the end of this Explain the concept of inverse proportion

Explain using tables, equations and graphs.
chapter,
you should be able
to: Solve problems involving direct and
Solve inverse proportions.
 Direct Proportion

  directly proportional to , then or

If is


 
If is directly proportional to , then or , where is a constant and .
 Direct Proportion
Example
  State the two variables which are directly proportional to each other:
  Since is a constant, then is directly proportional to

  State the two variables which are directly proportional to each other:

  Since 1 is a constant, then is directly proportional to

 Direct Proportion
Example  
If is directly proportional to and when
(i) Find an equation connecting and .
(ii) Find the value of when
(iii) Calculate the values of when
(iv) Draw the graph of against

   (ii)   (iii)
(i)
 Direct Proportion
 𝑦=2 𝑥2
x -2 -1 0 1 2
Y 8 2 0 2 8
 Direct Proportion

Example
 The length, cm, of a simple pendulum is directly proportional to the square of its period (time taken
to complete one oscillation), seconds. A pendulum with a length of 220.5 cm has a period of 3 s.
(i) Find an equation connecting and .
(ii) Find the length of a pendulum which has a period of 5 s.
(iii) What is the period of a pendulum which has a length of 0.98 m?

   (ii)   (iii)
T=5s

= 612.5 cm
 Exercise A – Direct Inverse
 1. In a bookstore, 60 identical books occupy a length of 1.5 m on a shelf. Find
(i) the length occupied by 50 such books on a shelf
(ii) the number of such books needed to completely occupy a shelf that is 80 cm long.
2. If Q is directly proportional to P and Q = 28 when P = 4.
(i) express Q in terms of P.
(ii) find the value of Q when P = 5
(iii) calculate the value of P when Q = 42
3. of a piece of metal has a mass of 7 kg. What is the mass of of the piece of metal?
4. is directly proportional to . Copy and complete the table.

2 3 5.5
3.6 9.6 11.4
5. The pressure, P pascals, of a gas in a container is directly proportional to its temperature, T kelvin.
When T = 10, P = 25.
(i) Find an equation connecting P and T.
(ii) Find the value of P when T = 24
(iii) Find the value of T when P = 12
(iv) Draw the graph of P against T.
 Exercise A – Direct Inverse
 6. For the equation: , state the two variables which are directly proportional to each other and explain
your answer!
7. If q is directly proportional to and q = 20 when p = 3, find the values of p when q = 80.
8. If y is directly proportional to and the difference in the values of y when x = 1 and x = 3 is 32, find the
value of y when x = -2.
9. The total monthly income, $D, of a salesman who sells tyres consists of a basic salary of $600 and a variable
amount which depends on the number of tyres he sells. For each tyre he sells, he receives $8.
(i) if the salesman sells 95 tyres in a particular month, find his total income for that month.
(ii) if the salesman’s monthly income for a particular month is $1680, calculate the number of
tyres he sells in that month.
(iii) Write down a formula connecting D and n, where n is the number of tyres the salesman sells
in a month.
(iv) Draw the graph of D against n. Is D directly proportional to n ? Use your graph to explain
your answer.
10. The braking distance of a vehicle is directly proportional to the square of its speed. When the speed if the
vehicle is b m/s, the braking distance is d meters,. If the speed of the vehicle is increased by 200%, find the
percentage increase in its braking distance.
 Inverse Proportion

  inversely proportional to , then or .

If is


 
If is inversely proportional to , then or , where is a constant and .
 Inverse Proportion
Example
  State the two variables which are inversely proportional to each other:
  Since is a constant, then is inversely proportional to

 State the two variables which are directly proportional to each other:

  Since is a constant, then is inversely proportional to

 Inverse Proportion
Example
  If is inversely proportional to and when ,
(i) Find the value of when
(ii) Find an equation connecting and
(iii) Calculate the values of when

   (ii) (iii)
 
 Other Example
5 men can paint 2 identical houses in 3 days. Assuming that all the men work at the same rate,
how long will it take 10 men to paint 8 such houses?

Number of men Number of houses Number of days

5 2 3
1 2 5x3

10 2 5 x 3 = 1.5
10

10 2 1.5

10 1.5
1
2
10 8 1.5 x 8 = 6
2
10 men will take 6 days to paint 8 houses
 Exercise B – Direct Inverse
 1. Eight men can build a bridge in 12 days. Find the time taken for 6 men to build the same bridge. State
the assumption made.
2. If is inversely proportional to and = 9 when = 9,
(i) find an equation connecting and .
(ii) Find the value of when = 16.
(iii) Calculate the value of when = 3.
3. A consignment of fodder can feed 1260 cattle for 50 days. Given that all the cattle consume the fodder at
the same rate, find
(i) the number of cattle an equal consignment of fodder can feed for 75 days.
(ii) the number of days an equal consignment of fodder can last if it is used to feed 1575 cattle.
4. If is inversely proportional to and when , find the values of when
5. Given that is inversely proportional to , copy and complete the table.

1 2 4
80 0.08 0.01
6. is inversely proportional to and for a particular value of . Find an expression in terms of for when this
value of is tripled.
 Exercise B – Direct Inverse
7. 5 men are hired to complete a job. If one more man is hired, the job can be completed 8 days earlier.
Assuming that all the men work at the same rate, how many more men should be hired so that the job can
be completed 28 days earlier?
8. 12 glassblower can make 12 identical vases in 9 minutes. Assuming that all the glassblowers work at the
same rate, how long will it take 8 glassblowers to make 32 such vases?
The End