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Accident Investigation and Reporting

This document discusses definitions, strategies, techniques, and processes for accident investigation and reporting. It defines terms like "accident", "incident", and "reportable accident". It describes proactive and reactive strategies for monitoring safety performance, including active monitoring techniques to measure success and reactive monitoring to identify causes of failures. It outlines integrated monitoring approaches and various proactive and reactive techniques. It also provides details on accident reporting, recording, investigation, and review processes.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
159 views19 pages

Accident Investigation and Reporting

This document discusses definitions, strategies, techniques, and processes for accident investigation and reporting. It defines terms like "accident", "incident", and "reportable accident". It describes proactive and reactive strategies for monitoring safety performance, including active monitoring techniques to measure success and reactive monitoring to identify causes of failures. It outlines integrated monitoring approaches and various proactive and reactive techniques. It also provides details on accident reporting, recording, investigation, and review processes.

Uploaded by

vebsdgr8
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Accident Investigation and

Reporting
Col V N Supanekar
Definitions
• The term "accident" is defined in the HSE publication Successful health and safety
management (HS(G)65) as: "any undesired circumstances which give rise to ill health or
injury; damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses, or
increased liabilities“.
• The same publication suggests that the related term "incident" includes undesired
circumstances and near misses with the potential to cause accidents. The key term
here being "potential", it is particularly important to investigate incidents which had the
potential to cause severe harm even if the actual harm caused was trivial.
• In addition, the terms "injury-accident" and "non-injury accident" need to be clearly
understood. An injury-accident involves personal injury and may also involve property
damage. A non-injury accident involves property damage but no personal injury.
• The term "reportable accident" includes those which lead to death, specified injuries,
specified illnesses or incapacity for normal work for more than three days. Reportable
accidents must be reported to enforcement authorities under the Reporting of Injuries,
Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995. Where a fatality occurs, the police
must also be informed.
Proactive and Reactive strategy
Proactive
• Proactive (sometimes termed Active) monitoring provides
feedback on safety performance within an organisation
before an accident, case of ill-health or an incident. It involves
measuring compliance with the performance standards that
have been set and achievement of the specific objectives laid
down. The primary purpose of Proactive monitoring is to
measure success and to reinforce positive achievements in
order to nurture a positive safety culture. It is not intended
as a means of identifying and punishing failure. Proactive
strategies are built upon Proactive monitoring techniques.
Reactive
• Reactive monitoring measures accidents, cases of ill-
health and incidents. The idea being to identify the
causes of these failures and to take remedial action
which will prevent them occurring again. Whereas
information is easier to obtain from serious
accidents, it is less easy to obtain from incidents
(near misses or "near hits" which could have led to
an accident but, fortunately, did not in this particular
case)
1 Serious Disabling Injury

10 Minor injuries

Property damage Accidents

30
Incident with no visible injury or damage

600
Preventative Opportunities
• Utilising "near miss" information, in order to take action to prevent
a serious accident occurring, is still part of a Reactive strategy. Even
though an accident has not occurred, an incident has and you are
reacting towards it. By taking action to reduce the base of the
accident triangle, you are aiming to prevent serious accidents at the
peak of the triangle occurring. Hence the incidents at the base of
the accident triangle are often referred to as “preventative
opportunities”. This ratio between near misses and accidents often
becomes obvious during accident investigations. While interviewing
witnesses to an accident, it becomes apparent that similar events
have frequently happened before. Only, in the past, fortune has
smiled upon the participant and prevented a serious injury from
occurring.
Integrated Approach

Active Monitoring Reactive Monitoring

Assess action necessary to


deal with immediate risks

Assess level & nature


of investigation

Investigate

Results & Analysis

Review
Integrated Monitoring
• Monitoring health and safety arrangements provides
information for putting things right and, in the longer
term, for reviewing policy and for organising and
planning risk control.
• The monitoring arrangements check that the
management system is working and that the risk control
measures are both effective and being maintained.
• The monitoring arrangements also ensure that you learn
from any incidents, accidents or cases of occupational ill
health.
Proactive monitoring aims to ensure that

• Inspections and reports are of adequate


quality
• Common problems / weaknesses are
identified
• Training needs are met
• Deficiencies previously reported are rectified
• Resource implications are recognised
• Risk assessments remain valid
Reactive monitoring deals with
• Details of any injured people, including their names, age, sex,
job title etc
• Descriptions of the circumstances, including date, place,
time and conditions
• Details of events, including the direct causes of any injury, ill
health or other loss and any underlying causes, for example
failures in management control
• Details of the outcomes, ie nature of injury, damage to
property and other losses
• Details of remedial actions, both immediate and longer term.
Proactive and Reactive Techniques
• Safety Tours
• Safety Inspections
• Safety Audits
• Safety Sampling
• Check List
• Failure mode and effect Analysis
• HAZOP
• Fault Tree Analysis
• Job safety Analysis
Accident Reporting
Accident records should contain the following information:
• The date and time of the incident.
• The full name and address of the person(s) affected.
• The person completing the entry if different from above.
• The occupation of the person(s) affected.
• The nature of the injury or condition.
• The place where the accident or incident occurred.
• A brief but clear description of the circumstances.
The date and method of reporting events to the enforcing
authority, eg by telephone, must also be kept. The accident book
must be retained for at least three years from the last date of entry.
Action Plan after an accident or incident
• Obtain treatment for any injury.
• Make the area safe following the incident, except where the accident
results in a major injury, in which case the scene should be left
undisturbed until advised otherwise by the enforcing authority.
• Enter details in the accident book.
• Inform the injured person's manager, or other responsible person.
• Keep informed of any after-effects of the incident, including periods of
total or partial incapacity for work.
• Carry out an accident investigation with the primary purpose of
identifying the causes in order to suggest remedial action in order to
prevent a recurrence.
• Review existing workplace risk assessments and safe systems of work
bearing in mind the accident investigation results.
EARLIER CONCEPT:
Unsafe acts Ancestry and
Fault of the
Injury Accident and social
person
Conditions upbringing
Accident Causation: Domino Effect
Unsafe Lack of
Unsafe acts and
Injury Accident Underlying Management
Conditions
Causes Control
Accident Causation: Domino Effect
Tree Diagram in Multi causal Analysis
• Material
• Equipment
Factors • Environment
• Person

• Unsafe Acts
Causes • Unsafe
Conditions

Unsafe Unsafe
Acts Conditions
Accidents

Injury
Mandatory Reporting of events at the place
of work
• Death of any person within 1 year as a result of an accident.
• A major injury to someone at work.
• Any injury, resulting from an accident, that requires
immediate hospital treatment.
• Any specified dangerous occurrence resulting in injury or not.
• Any accident at work which results in the person being unable
to carry out normal duties for more than three consecutive
days.
• A specified disease, diagnosed by a doctor, suffered by a
person who’s work involves specified activities that are known
to be linked to the disease.
Employer Duties
• Employers have five main duties to consider in
connection with accidents. These are in relation to the
following:
o Emergency procedures
o Statutory recording and reporting.
o Safety representative entitlements.
o Safety monitoring and identifying the occurrence of
accidents and incidents.
o Safety review and learning from accidents and
incidents.
• Measure Performance process
• Identify weaknesses in Management Reviewing the
system
results
• Standard classification to benchmark Analysing the
against national standard Recording &
• Considering the direct and underlying Information Scene
causes Gathering of People
• Action to prevent recurrence Document
of Investigation
• Assess most significant causes taking into
account potential severity
Selecting the level
• First Aid immediate risks
• Make area safe Dealing with
• Initiate Emergency procedures INVESTIGATION
INCIDENT
Systems
• Valuable data to prevent accident ACCIDENT &
• Encourages reporting of accidents
& Investigation
Effective Accident

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