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Vibration Analysis: Mass Elements

This document discusses mass and inertia elements in vibration analysis. It explains that mass elements represent rigid bodies that can gain or lose kinetic energy when their velocity changes. Common mass elements include tip masses on cantilever beams and floor masses in buildings. The document also shows how systems with both translational and rotational motion can be modeled with equivalent translational and rotational masses. An example problem demonstrates determining the equivalent mass of a system with a mass, pulley, links, and cylinder.

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353 views14 pages

Vibration Analysis: Mass Elements

This document discusses mass and inertia elements in vibration analysis. It explains that mass elements represent rigid bodies that can gain or lose kinetic energy when their velocity changes. Common mass elements include tip masses on cantilever beams and floor masses in buildings. The document also shows how systems with both translational and rotational motion can be modeled with equivalent translational and rotational masses. An example problem demonstrates determining the equivalent mass of a system with a mass, pulley, links, and cylinder.

Uploaded by

ghulam mohi ud din
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Lecture 05

Equivalent Masses
Fundamentals of vibration
1.8 Mass or Inertia Elements
The mass or inertia element is assumed to be a rigid body; it can gain or lose kinetic
energy whenever the velocity of the body changes.
From Newton’s second law of motion, the product of the mass and its acceleration is
equal to the force applied to the mass.
Work is equal to the force multiplied by the displacement in the direction of the force,
and the work done on a mass is stored in the form of the mass s kinetic energy.
In most cases, we must use a mathematical model to represent the actual vibrating
system, and there are often several possible models.
The purpose of the analysis often determines which mathematical model is
appropriate.
Once the model is chosen, the mass or inertia elements of the system can be easily
identified.
For example, consider again the cantilever beam with an end mass shown in Fig.
1.25(a).
For a quick and reasonably accurate analysis, the mass and damping of the beam
can be disregarded; the system can be modeled as a spring-mass system, as
shown in Fig. 1.25(b). The tip mass m represents the mass element, and the
elasticity of the beam denotes the stiffness of the spring.
Next, consider a multistory building
subjected to an earthquake. Assuming
that the mass of the frame is negligible
compared to the masses of the floors,
the building can be modeled as a
multi-degree-of-freedom system, as
shown in Fig. 1.35.
The masses at the various floor levels
represent the mass elements, and the
elasticities of the vertical members
denote the spring elements.
Mass or inertia elements

b. Translational and rotational masses coupled together


Equivalent translational mass
1 . 2
1 .2 1 . 2
Teq  meq x
T  m x  Jo  2
2 2 . . .
.x
T  Teq  x eq  x
R 2
. 2  . 
. 2
1 1 1 x
meq x  m x  J o  
2 2 2 R
 
Jo Fig. 1.30 (S.S. Rao)
meq  m  2
R
Equivalent rotational mass
. 2 2 . 2
1 1 .  1
J eq   m R   J o 
2 2   2
J eq  J o  mR 2
Notice: See also Examples 1.6 and 1.7 in the Text Book (pages 34-37) 8
Example

9
• Assuming small displacements, the equivalent mass can be
determined using the equivalence of the kinetic energies of the two
systems.
• When the mass m is displaced by a distance x, the pulley and the rigid
link 1 rotate by an angle ϴp & ϴ1.
• This causes the rigid link 2 and the cylinder to be displaced by a
distance the cylinder rotates by an angle ϴc with a translation motion
of mc. The rigid link 2 is displaced by x2.
• The kinetic energy of the system (T) can be expressed (for small
displacements) as:
•  where JP, J1 & JC and denote the mass moments of inertia of the
pulley, link 1 (about O), and cylinder, respectively, and ϴp, ϴ1 & ϴc
indicate the angular velocities of the pulley, link 1 (about O), and
cylinder, respectively, x and x2 represent the linear velocities of the
mass m and link 2, respectively. Noting that and Eq. (E.1) can be
rewritten as
ϴp=ϴ1
x2=ϴpl1
ϴc= rc
Damping elements

Combinations of dampers

See Examples 1.17 14

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