SUBMITTED BY :
PAOLO A. YATAN
ALBON V. ROBLES
PAVEMENT DESIGN
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF PAVEMENTS
(a) Flexible pavements
(b) Rigid pavements
(c) Semi rigid pavements
Design factors
Requirement of good pavement
California bearing ratio (CBR)
Introduction
Pavement design is the major component in the
road construction.
Nearly one-third or one-half of the total cost of
construction, so careful consideration should be
taken in the design of pavement.
For the better road condition, good pavement is used
can easily bear the load as well easily transmit the
load.
Flexible pavement has shorter life span as
compared to rigid pavements.
Type of pavements
FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT
RIGID PAVEMENT
SEMI-RIGID PAVEMENT
Flexible Pavement
Flexible pavemants are those pavements which
are flexible under the action of load.
Bituminous is one of the best flexible
pavement material.
Flexible pavement transmit the vertical stress to
the lower layers.
Flexible pavement is form in layers, so first layer is
form strong as compared to other.
It consist of 4 parts soil subgrade, subbase, base
course, surface course.
Flexible Pavement
Structure
Surface course
Base course
Subbase course
Subgrade
Design parameters for Flexible Pavements
1.VDF(Visual display factor)
It is a multiplier which converts the num ber
of commericial vechiles of different axle loads
and axle
configuration the number of standard load
to repetitions.
2.
ItSUB GRADE:
should be well compacted in cutting as well as filling.
Strength is assessed in terms of CBR value.
3. TRAFFIC:
As per the IRC: 37 design traffic should be 0.1 msa to 2
msa (million standard axles).
Strength is assessed in terms of CBR value.
Weight of a commercial vehicle is considered as 3 tonnes
or more.
For design traffic we consider the existing traffic and rate
of growth.
4. Design life
The no. of years to be taken until the
major reconstruction.
Design life depend upon the environmental
conditions, materials used, maintenance etc.
For rural roads design life of 10 years is considered.
In low volume roads for the thin bituminous
surfacing design life of 5 years is considered.
Flexible Pavement – Construction
RIGID Pavement
Rigid pavements are those pavements whose surface
is hard
This pavement is not transferred the load from
ground surface to lower suface.
Rigid Pavement has the capacity to transfer the
wheel load from wider area of roads.
Rigid pavement is formed either of opc slabs or
cement conrete .
RIGID Pavement
Structure
Surface course
Base course
Subbase
course
Subgrade
Design parameters for Rigid Pavements
1. Wheel load stresses :
Westergaard developed relationships for the stress at interior, edge
and corner regions, denoted as i; e; c in kg/cm2.
2. Temperature stresses :
Temperature stresses are developed in cement
concrete pavement due to variation in slab
temperature.
This is caused by
(A)daily variation resulting in a temperature
gradient across the thickness of the slab and
(B)seasonal variation resulting in overall change in
the slab temperature.
The former results in warping stresses and the later
in Frictional stresses.
Design of joints
1. EXPANSION JOINTS :
The purpose of the expansion joint is to allow the
expansion of the pavement due to rise in
temperature with respect to construction
temperature.
The design consideration are:
Provided along the longitudinal direction,
design involves nding the joint spacing for a
given expansion joint thickness (say 2.5 cm specied
by IRC) subjected to some maximum spacing.
EXPANSION JOINTS
2. CONTRACTION JOINTS :
The purpose of the contaction joint is to allow the
contraction of the slab due to fall in slab temperature
below the construction temperature.
The design considerations are:
The movement is restricted by the sub-grade friction
Design involves the length of the slab given by:
Lc =2* 10^4 Sc/W:f
Where,
where, Sc is the allowable stress in tension in cement
concrete and is taken as 0.8 kg/cm2, W is the unit weight
of the concrete which can be taken as 2400 kg/cm3 and
f is the coecient of sub-grade friction which can be
taken as 1.5.
CONTRACTION JOINTS
SEMI-RIGID Pavement
Semi-rigid (or in some countries called as semi-flexible)
pavement is originally termed as Resin Modified
Pavement (RMP) which was developed in France in early
1960’s as a cost effective alternative to Portland cement
concrete pavement
Semi-rigid pavement system has been developed by
combining the advantages of the both pavements to
perform like concrete but to be easily maintained like
asphalt concrete.
This system is formed by porous asphalt concrete and
polymer modified grouting material which is poured
into the porous asphalt concrete.
semi-RIGID Pavement
Structure
Surface course
Base course
Subbase course
Subgrade
Computation of design traffic
a=p(1+r)^(n+x)
Where,
a= no. of commercial vechiles per day for design
p= no. of commercial vechiles per day last
count r=annual growth rate of commercial
traffic n=no. of years between last count and
year of
completion of construction
Selection Factors Of Pavements
Initial cost
Availability of good materials
Cost of maintenance
Environmental conditions
Availability of industrial wastes
Traffic intensity
Ease of labour
Favourable working conditions
Requirement Of Good Pavement
It should be Economical.
It should be cheap and durable.
Ease to construct.
Good surface finish.
Eaisly visible marks on the pavements.
It should have low maintenance cost.
It should provide good visibility in
night.
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
Conduct on sample which at OMC and dry
density.
Test should be done per km depend on
soil type.
If CBR less than 2% for 100 mm thickness
then minimum CBR of 10% is to be provided to
the sub- base for CBR of 2%.
If CBR more than 15% , no need to provide
sub- base.
CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
Thank you :)
