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CERVICAL ABRASION
INTRODUCTION 2
The term abrasion is derived from the Latin verb abrasum and describes the dental
pathology that consists of the wear of the hard tissues of the tooth, through a
frictional mechanical process2−4 to repeated contact with different objects,
different from the teeth.
Abrasion is therefore defined as a pathological process caused by abrasive
substances on the tooth surface or any object placed repeatedly between or on the
teeth.
INTRODUCTION CONT’D 3
ABRATION
INTRODUCTION CONT’D 4
CERVICAL ABRASION
DEFINITION: Cervical abrasion wear is located in the neck of the
tooth specifically in the cervical third, being able to encompass the
proximal, vestibular, lingual or palatal surfaces of the teeth,5−8
commonly in canines and premolars.
Epidemiologically the high incidence of cervical lesions is the
result in the crown of the tooth becomes more vulnerable to
physical and chemical stimuli due to the gradual reduction of the
enamel thickness towards the cemento-enamel junction and to the
density of the enamel surface near the dentino-enamel junction.
CERVICAL ABRASION CONT’D 5
In addition, the strength of the enamel in the cervical third is less due to
the direction of the dental rods, which become flat
CERVICAL ABRASION 6
CLASSIFICATION OF CERVICAL 7
ABRASION
Class A- Abrasion/tooth wear present only on the crown/ enamel with
no involvement of root
Class B- Abrasion/tooth wear present only on the root surface with no
involvement of crown
Class C- Abrasion/tooth wear present on both crown/enamel and the
root surface
TYPES OF CERVICAL ABRASION 8
Each class can be further sub-classified to quantify the severity of the
lesions. It is as follows:
Type I - Shallow concavities on the tooth surface, can be either wedge
shaped or notched, the depth of the abrasion cavity is in the enamel
surface or some exposure of dentine can be present.
Type II - Tooth wear/concavity extending within the dentin, but pulp
chamber is not visible.
Type III - Tooth wear/concavity extending within the tooth dentin and
the pulp chamber is visible.
TYPES OF CERVICAL ABRASION 9
CONT’D
Type IV - Tooth wear/concavity extending within the tooth dentin
and the pulp chamber is exposed to the oral cavity.
CAUSES OF CERVICAL ABRASION 10
The following are some of the factors that causes by cervical abrasion.
Interaction of teeth with other objects such as toothbrushes, toothpicks and
floss
Ill-fitting dental appliance like retainers and dentures.
People with habits such as nail biting, chewing tobacco, lip or tongue
piercing.
Occupation such as joiner, are subjected to higher risks of abrasion.
Cervical abrasion can also occur from the type of dentifrice being utilized
as some have more abrasive qualities such as whitening toothpastes.
EFFECTS OF CERVICAL ABRASION 11
The following are some of the effects caused by cervical abrasion.
Increased tooth sensitivity to hot and cold.
Increased plaque trapping which will result in caries and periodontal
disease
Difficulty of dental appliances such as retainer and denture in engaging
the tooth.
It may be aesthetically unpleasant to some people.
TREATMENT TO CERVICAL 12
ABRASION
The treatment of these lesions can be both conservative and invasive.
The non-invasive treatment (conservative): is based on recommendations or
individualized instructions to the patient, aimed at:
dietary advice.
the decrease in the frequency of consumption of certain beverages and foods.
the control of parafunctional habits, the instruction of correct hygiene measures
oral.
the use of rinses and fluorinated products, coupled with possible reconstructive
procedures of periodontal nature.
TREATMENT TO CERVICAL 13
ABRASION CONT’D
The invasive treatment : when conservative treatment is insufficient, the
restoration of the lesion is necessary; which can be made with various
materials of direct use, such as:
dental amalgam.
conventional ionomeric glass.
resin-modified ionomeric glass.
composite resin modified with ionomeric glass and composite resin.
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