LEGAL

MEDICINE

FREDERICK A. RODRIGUEZ
1. What is the type of physical evidence
which may help in locating the
whereabouts of the perpetrators of the
crime?

A. Trailing evidence
B. Associative evidence
C. autoptic evidence
D. deposition
 DEPOSITION

WRITTEN TESTIMONY
2. What is the principle which states that
when the court has once laid down a principle
of law as applied to a certain state of facts, it
will adhere to and apply to all future cases
where the facts are substantially the same?

A. Jurisprudence
B. Stare Decisis
C. Criminalistics
D. Forensic
3. What is the recognition of an
individual as determined, by
characteristics which distinguish that
individual from all others?

A. Law of Multiplicity of evidence

B. gait
C. Anthropometry
D. Identification
4. What is the characteristics manner
of walking?

A. Law of Multiplicity of evidence

B. gait
C. Anthropometry
D. Physical test
5. What is the art of identification by
comparison of fingerprints?

A. Poroscopy
B. Dactyloscopy
C. Dactylography
D. Chiromancy
6. What is the study of handwriting for the
purpose of determining writer’s
personality, character and aptitude?

A. Bibliotics
B. Bibliotist
C. Graphology
D. Questioned documents
7. Pubic hair begins to appear at the age of
13 years in female and__________ for
males.

A. 12
B. 13
C. 14
D. 15
 Pubic hair complete at 16-17

Moustache and beard and Change of voice

16-18

Enlargement of Breast
13-14

Change of color of hair

40

Menstruation
12-13
8. If the ovum is 1 cm long, weighs 2.5
grams, eyes are seen as 2 dark spots, it
is_______.

A. 1 month old
B.2 months old
C. 3 months old
D. 4 months old
2 months =4cm; 10 grams; eyes and nose recognizable; anus seen as
dark spot

3months= 8cm; 30 grams; nails appear; placenta formed; sex organs

appeared

4months =13 cm; 204 grams; lanugo hair visible; fingerprints begin to
appear

5mos. =22 cm; 450 g; vernex casseossa; dentals gums

6mos. = 30 cm; 1 kilogram; skin wrinkled; eyebrows and eyelashes

appear;

7mos. = 18 cm; 1.5 kg; the child is visible

8mos. = 42 cm; 2.2 kg

9mos. = 45-50 cm; 3-3.5 kg; scalp covered with dark hair
9. What is the iron-containing protein of
the blood?

A. Hemoglobin
B. globin
C. hematin
D. oxyhemoglobin
10. What is the test for blood wherein blood
stained material is placed in a saline solution
will give a bright red color of the solution. The
solution can be used for further examination
of the blood?

A. Solubility test
B. heat test
C. luminescence test
D. Chemical test
physical chemical microscopic Micro- spectroscopic biological
chemical

Solubility Benzidine Teichman’s Precipitin

test
Heat test Guiacum Blood
Takayama’s grouping
luminiscence Phenolphtal
ein test Acetone
haemin
Leuco-
malachite
test
11. What is the type of somatic or clinical death
characterized by a condition of death wherein
the patient regresses, gives up or surrenders,
accepting death prematurely and refuses to
continue living?

A. sociological death
B. psychic death
C. biological death
D. physiologic death
12. What is the test in which it considered as
there is stoppage of respiration if there is no
movement of the reflected image on the water
on the chest of a person lying on his back?

A. mirror test
B. Icard’s test
C. Magnus test
D. Winslow test
13. What is the examination of the
peripheral circulation in which ligature is
tied around the finger, blood zone at the
site of application and livid area dental to
the ligature?

A. mirror test
B. Icard’s test
C. Magnus test
D. Winslow test
14. What is the loss of body heat resulting
to the cooling of the body after death?

A. rigor mortis
B. livor mortis
C. algor mortis
D. secondary flaccidity
Spontaneous Rigor/cadaveric spasm
 Changes in the muscle after death
1. Primary flaccidity

2. Rigor mortis

3. Secondary flaccidity
(decomposition)
accompanied by putrefaction
15.What is the processes of dissolution of tissues
by the digestive action of its enzymes and bacteria
that results to softening and liquefaction of tissues
are usually accompanied by the liberation of foul
odor smelling gases and change of color of tissues?

A. putrefaction
B. decomposition
C. Mummification
D. maceration
16. It usually takes _________hours
for the stomach to empty its contents.

A. 3-4 hours
B. 1-2 days
C. 20-30 minutes
D. 12-24
17. What is the cause of death due to
injuries by some forms of outside force
wherein the physical injuries inflicted is
the proximate cause of death?

A. accidental death
B. homicidal death
C. natural death
D. violent death
18. What is the raising or disinterring the
dead body or remains form the grave. It
may be made in order to afford an
opportunity for a post mortem examination
to establish the circumstances of death?

A. Cremation
B. embalming
C. Exhumation
D. burial or interment
19. What is the break or dissolution in
the continuity of the skin or tissues of
the living body?

A. vital reaction
B. mortal wounds/fatal wounds
C. non-mortal wounds
D. wound
20. What is the wound which involves
the outer layer of the skin?

A. Superficial wound
B. deep wound
C. penetrating wound
D. Perforating wound
21. What is the wound produced by
the shape of the instrument or object
reflected in the body?

A. defense wound
B. hesitation wounds
C. deformity
D. patterned wounds
22. What is the circumscribed
extravasation of blood in the
subcutaneous tissues, pinhead size like
mosquito bites?

A. Contusion
B. petechiae
C. hematoma musculo-skeletal injuries
D. cerebral concussion
23. Under this rule, if the number of gunshot wounds
of entrance and exit found in the body of the victim is
even, the presumption is that no bullet is lodged in
the body but if the number of gunshot wounds
entrance and exit is odd, the presumption is that one
or more bullets might have lodged in the body.

A. Hemorrhage
B. blast wave injury
C. odd and even rule
D. contact fire
24. A condition usually seen among those
walking over the snow wherein the foot is
exposed to freezing temperature
characterized by cold stiffening, muscle
cramps, necrosis and gangrene of the foot.

A. heat cramps
B. frostbite
C. immersion foot
D. Trench foot
25. A burn due to contact with a hot or boiling
liquid characterized by redness, pain and blister
formation.

A. Burns
B. first degree burn
C. scald
D. heat stroke
26. What is the main cause of injury
or death due to electricity?

A. Trauma
B. voltage
C. heat
D. shock
27. What is the stage of asphyxial death
wherein there is a paralysis of the respiratory
center. The breathing becomes shallow, slow
and gasping. The victim dies of heart failure.

A. Dyspneic stage
B. convulsive stage
C. Apneic stage
D. mountain sickness
Dyspneic- (due to retention of carbon
dioxide) breathing becomes rapid and
deep

Convulsive- due to retention of carbon

dioxide

Apneic- paralysis of respiratory center

28. Which of the following may be a sign of suicidal
hanging?

A. Signs of struggle in the clothing and surroundings

B. Presence of bodily injuries on the victim

C. Presence of defense wounds on the body of the

victim

D. no signs of struggle
29. What is the form of strangulation
wherein the assailant stands at the back of
the victim and forearm is applied in front
of the neck?

A. Palmar strangulation
B. Garroting
C. Mugging
D. Throttling
 Throttling

Manual strangulation
30. What is the form of suffocation
brought about by the impaction of the
foreign body, food or blood clots in the
respiratory passages?

A. drowning
B. choking
C. smothering
D. gagging
31. Which of the following is NOT a conclusive findings in
drowning?

A. Conclusive fists with foreign bodies in the hands of the

victims

B. Increased lung volume and weight in edema of the lungs

C. Closed mouth and absence of water in the stomach.

D. Presence of froth, foam and foreign bodies in the

respiratory passages.
32. Dark bloated condition of the face in
drowning with bronze color of the head
and neck.

A. Tete De Negri
B. Burking
C. Breathing of Irrespirable gases
D. Palmar strangulation
33. If there is _______ or more by weight
alcohol in a subject’s blood, he is declared
a under the influence of alcohol.

A. 0.05 percent
B. 0.10 percent
C. 0.16 percent
D. 0.21 percent
34. What is the condition of a female wherein
she is conscious about sexual life, the sex
organs and secondary sex characteristics are
fully developed but had not experienced
sexual intercourse.

A. Physical Virginity
B. Demi-Virginity
C. Virgo Intacta
D. Legal Virginity
35. What is the functional and
physical unit of heredity passed from
parent to offspring.

A. Chromosome
B. DNA
C. Gene
D. Genome
36. What is the partial or incomplete
disruption in the continuity of muscle
or ligaments?

A. Sprain
B. Dislocation
C. Fracture
D. Internal Hemorrhage
37. What is the bone which is most
informative regarding sex of the owner of
the skeleton being examined is the…

A. sternum
B. Skull
C. Femur
D. Pelvis
38. Instantaneous rigor is also known
as…

A. Cadaveric Spasm
B. Post mortem lividity
C. post mortem rigidity
D. Algor mortis
39. When the contusion changes to
green, the contusion’s estimated age
is…

A. 1-2 days
B. 2-4 days
C. 4-5 days
D. 5-6 days
40. The following are the factors which make the
gunshot wound of entrance bigger than the calibre,
except…

A. acute angular approach of the bullet

B. deformity of the bullet

C. Contraction of the elastic tissues of the skin

D. bullet enters the skin sidewise

41. The presence of weapon which tightly
grasped by the hand of the victim of a
shooting incident is an example of…

A. Rigor mortis
B. algor mortis
C. cadaveric spasm
D. livor mortis
42. Cases when trauma or disease kills
quickly that there is no opportunity for
sequel or complication to develop is
known as…

A. secondary cause
B. proximate cause
C. complete cause of death
D. immediate cause
 PROXIMATE CAUSE
Is that cause which sets into motion other
causes and which unbroken by any efficient
cause produces a felony without which such
felony could not have resulted

He who is the cause of the cause is the cause

the evil cause.

“el que est cuasa del mal causado”

43. What is the condition in which foreign
matters are introduced in the blood
stream causing sudden block to the blood
flow in the finer arteries and capillaries.

A. embolism
B. infection
C. hemorrhage
D. shock
44. An adult has ______ teeth and
each tooth has five surfaces.

A. 30
B. 31
C. 32
D. 33
45. What is the average rate of growth of
hair in a day?

A. .4-.5mm
B. 1-2 mm
C. .5-.6 mm
D. 4-5 mm
46. What is the science which deals with
the proper handling, examination and
evaluation of dental evidence, which will
then be presented in the court of justice?

A. Forensic Chemistry
B. Forensic Medicine
C. Anthropometry
D. Forensic Odontology
47. Death due to sudden and fatal
cessation of the action of the heart
with circulation included.

A. Stroke
B. coma
C. syncope
D. Asphyxia
48. Which of the following is a
characteristic of a living person that may
not be easily change?

A. Body ornament
B. clothing
C. growth of hair, beard or moustache
D. speech
49. What is the jarring or stunning of the brain
characterized by more or less complete
suspension of its functions, as a result of injury
to the head, which leads to some commotion of
the cerebral substance?

A. abrasion
B. trauma
C. rupture
D. cerebral concussion
50. What is the thin fold of mucous
membrane surrounding the vaginal
orifice?

A. Fourchette and perineum

B. hymen
C. labia minora
D. Vaginal canal
51. What is the disturbance of fluid balance
resulting to peripheral deficiency which is
manifested by the decreased volume of blood,
reduced volume of flow, hemoconcentration and
renal deficiency?

A. Wound
B. shock
C. infection
D. hemorrhage
52. What is the injury characterized by the
removal of the superficial epithelial layer
of the skin caused by a rub or friction
against a hard surface?

A. stab wound
B. incised wound
C. abrasion
D. contusion
53. What is the evaporation of body heat after
death and the conduction of the surrounding
atmosphere?

A. Algor mortis
B. Rigor Mortis
C. livor mortis
D. cadaveric spasm
54. What is the comprehensive study of the dead
body, performed by a trained physician
employing recognized dissection procedures and
techniques, which may include removal of
tissues for further examination?

A. Medico-legal examination
B. dissection
C. disinterment
D. autopsy
55. What is the condition of the dead body usually the
fetus, characterized by softening and discoloration of
tissues as well as formation of blisters in the skin due
to action of autolytic and proteolytic enzymes in the
absence of putrefactive bacteria?

A. putrefaction
B. decomposition
C. mummification
D. maceration
56. Menstruation usually starts
at…

A. 10-11 year
B. 12-13 years
C. 14-15 years
D. 16-17 years
57. What is the scientific analysis of blood
and other bodily fluids as evidence during
the conduct of a criminal investigation?

A. Forensic Odontology
B. Forensic Serology
C. Portrait Parle
D. Bertillon Anthropometric System
58. What is the hardest substance of
the human body?

A. Skull
B. bone
C. enamel
D. tooth
59. What law requires the
practitioners of dentistry to keep
records of their patients?

A. PD 175
B. PD 1619
C. PD 1727
D. PD 1575
60. The stage of primary flaccidity lasts for
…

A. 20-30 MINUTES
B. 3-4 HOURS
C. 12-24 HOURS
D. 24-48 HOURS
61. What is the condition characterized by
hardening of the muscles due to coagulation
of muscle proteins when the dead body is
exposed to intense heat as by burning or
immersion in a hot liquid?

A. Heat stiffening
B. Cold stiffening
C. Cadaveric Spasm
D. Trench foot
62. In tropical countries, the onset of
decomposition is 1-2 days after death
and skeletonized in…

A. 1 month
B. 2 months
C. 3 months
D. 4 months
63. What is the pulverization of the
body by using intense heat?

A. Embalming
B. Interment
C. Cremation
D. Exhumation
64. What is the type of wound wherein the
instrument pierces a solid organ or tissues.

A. Superficial Wound
B. Deep Wound
C. Penetrating Wound
D. Perforating Wound
65. What are the two longitudinal folds of
tissues which formed the lateral
boundaries of the pudendal cleft which
the urethra and vagina open.

A. Fourchette and Perineum

B. Vaginal canal and hymen
C. Labia Majora and Labia Minora
D. Hymen and breast
66. What is the classification of burn which
involves the skin, nerves, muscles and bones which
is usually met in victims of conflagrations? This is
the most severe burn because the victim usually
dies from loss of fluid and electrolytes and massive
infection.

A. First degree burn

B. Second Degree Burn
C. Third Degree Burn
D. Fourth Degree burn
67. What is the type of Asphyxia produced by
compression of neck by tying to a ligature
around the neck and two ends pulled in the
opposite direction in such a manner to tighten
the ligature?

A. Asphyxia by hanging
B. Asphyxia by strangulation
C. throttling
D. Garroting
68. What is the largest bone in the
human body?

A. Femur
B. Skull
C. Sternum
D. Rib cage
69. The roots of the third molars will
be completely formed by the age of…

A. 20
B. 23
C. 25
D. 30
70. After 3-6 hours from the cessation of the vital
functions of the body the death of the individual
cells occurs. This is known as…

A. Coma
B. Molecular death
C. Somatic death
D. Cardio respiratory death
71. Also known as mercy killing.

A. Murder
B. Euthanasia
C. assassination
D. homicide
72. What are the substances that cause
disturbances in organisms, usually by chemical
reaction or other activity on the molecular
scale, when an organism absorbs a sufficient
quantity?

A. toxin
B. venom
C. Rabies
D. Poison
73. When the body surface of corpse is
pressed it leaves a flattened area due to…

A. loss of elasticity of skin

B. precipitated skin proteins
C. absence of blood
D. Absence of edema
Post mortem contact flattening

When the body surface of corpse is

pressed it leaves a flattened area
74. What is the most prominent sign
of death?

A. Insensibility of body or loss of power to move

B. progressive fall of body temperature

C. cessation of heart action and circulation

D. cessation of respiration
75. What is the molecular change upon
death that lasts about 20-30 minutes and
is characterized by the relaxation of the
muscles and the loss of natural tone?

A. Stage of primary flaccidity

B. post mortem rigidity
C. cadaveric spasm
D. secondary flaccidity
76. Which of the following crime sexual
intercourse is NOT an element?

A. Abduction
B. seduction
C. Adultery
D. Concubinage
77. Livor mortis is completed in …

A. 20-30 MINUTES
B. 3-6 HOURS
C. 12 HOURS
D. 24 HOURS
78. What is the crack in a glass that
extends outward like the spoke of a wheel
from the point at which the glass was
struck?

A. Concentric fracture
B. glass fracture
C. radial and concentric fracture
D. Radial fracture
79. What is the type of bloodspatter wherein
the blood of the victim is ejected from the
exit wound and travels in the same direction
as the bullet?

a. forward spatter
b. backspatter
c. bleeding
d. everted
80. A female has________
chromosomes.

A. X and Y
B. two(2) X
C. XYY
D. two(2)Y
81. What is the injury which is found not at the
site or opposite the site of the application of
force but in some areas offering least resistance
to the force applied?

A. Coup Contre Coup

B. Contre Coup
C. Locus Minor’s Resistencia
D. Coup Injury
Coup injury Contre Coup
coup contre
coup
at the site of Injury found site
application NOT at the and
site but also at the
opposite the opposite
site of
application
82. Forward blood spatter is associated
with…

A. entrance wound
B. exit wound
C. gunshot wound
D. blast wave injury
83. What is the complete relaxation and
loss of contraction of the body that sets
several hours after death?

A. Primary flaccidity
B. secondary flaccidity
C. Rigor mortis
D. post mortem lividity
84. Legally, when does death considered to have occurred?
1. Respiratory system is no longer performing within the
body
2. Cardiac activity is no longer performing within the body
3. Central nervous system activity is no longer performing
within the body

A. 1
B. 1 and 2
C. 2 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
85. What is the condition wherein there is
interference in the process of respiration resulting
to impairment of normal exchange of respiratory
gases, whereby the supply of oxygen to the blood
and tissues has been reduced below the normal
level?

A. Hypoxia
B. Suffocation
C. Asphyxia
D. Hanging
86. What is the electrical charge of
enormous potential passing from the
atmosphere usually occurring during
thunderstorm?

A. Domestic voltage
B. Industrial Voltage
C. Lighting
D. Lightning
87. What is the painful contraction of the
skeletal muscles due to dehydration and
loss of sodium chloride to excessive
sweating?

A. Heat Stiffening
B. Heat Stroke
C. Heat Cramps
D. Heat Exhaustion (heat collapse)
88. The edge of gunshot wound of
entrance is usually______ while the exit
wound is usually_________

A. Averted and Inverted

B. Inverted and averted
C. smaller and bigger
D. bigger and smaller
89. What is the type of wound where
there is no break in the continuity of the
skin or mucous membrane?

A. Closed wound
B. Open wound
C. Hematoma
D. Contusion or bruise
90. Gunpowder tattooing is also
known as…

A. Soot
B. smudging
C. fouling
D. stippling
Tattooing/
Peppering/
Stippling/ Smudging/blackening
 Entrance wound vs. exit wound
Entrance exit
Size Smaller/equal than the slug bigger

Edge inverted Everted

Shape Round/oval Has no definite

shape/irregular

Abrasion/Contusion present Absent

collar
Gunpowder May be present Always absent
tattooing
Paraffin test May yield positive result Always negative
91. What is the type of asphyxia wherein
the air passages are submerged in water
thereby preventing the force blow of air
into the lungs?

A. over laying
B. hypoxia
C. suffocation
D. drowning
92. It is merely a transient loss of consciousness
or temporary cessation of the vital functions of
the body on account of disease, external
stimulus or other forms of influence?

A. somatic death
B. state of suspended animation
C. molecular death
D. clinical death
93. What is the effusion of the blood into the
tissues underneath the skin on account of the
rupture of the blood vessels as a result of the
application of blunt instrument?

A. stab wound
B. hematoma
C. abrasion
D. contusion
94. What is the extravasation or loss of
blood from the circulation brought about
by wounds in the extra vascular system?

A. Wound
B. shock
C. infection
D. hemorrhage
95. What is the stage of muscular change
upon death characterized by the relaxation
of muscles and loss of their natural tone so
the jaw or head drops down, the thorax
collapses and the limbs becomes flaccid
and the splinters relax?

A. Stage of Primary Flaccidity

B. Stage of Post Mortem Rigidity/ Rigor mortis
C. Stage of Secondary Flaccidity
D. Decomposition
96. What is the tear of the skin and
the underlying tissues due to forcible
contact with a blunt instrument?

A. Lacerated wound
B. incised wound
C. punctured wound
D. abrasion
97. Which of the following medical evidence may
show that a gunshot wound is homicidal?

A. No sign of struggle from the victim

B. Site of wound of entrance has no point of election

C. No disturbance in the crime scene

D. Wounding firearm found in the hands of the victim

98. What is the appearance,
growth and development of micro-
organism at the site of the injury?

A. embolism
B. infection
C. hemorrhage
D. shock
99. The development of the female breast
starts at…

A. 11-12
B. 13 -14
C. 15-16
D. 16-18
100.What is the process use to
analyse a specific crime or series in
order to develop a behavioural
composite of an unknown offender?

A. criminal investigation analysis

B. retrospective analysis
C. criminal profiling
D. criminal identification
 
A forensic chemist is tasked to examine the
chemical nature and composition of the
following, EXCEPT…

a. fingerprint
B. blood
C. explosives
d. Body fluids
Detection and identification of poison.

a. bacteriology
B. toxicology
C. posology
d. chemistry
In forensic examination, the tip of
the hair is examined to determine if
it was…

a. bend
b. stretch
C. folded
d. cut
All of the following are accurate tests for
the presence of alcohol in the human body
except one.

A. Saliva test
B. Fecal test
C. Harger breath test
D. Blood test
What is the process of reproducing a
physical evidence by plaster moulds?

A. casting
B. moulage
C. cementing
D. sticking
What is the test used to determine the
presence of semen particularly in stained
clothing?

A. Florence test
B. Microscopic test
C. barberio’s test
D. ultra-violet test
What is the test use to determine the
presence of blood in stained material?

A. Florence test
B. Takayama test
C. barberio’s test
D. Phenolphtalein test
What is the major component of glass.

A. lime
B. silica
C. soda
D. gel
A supercooled liquid which possess high
viscosity and rigidity.

A. Dry ice
B. gel
C. Cartridge case
D. glass
What is the study and identification of body
fluids?
A. pharmacology
B. posology
C. serology
D. immunology
What is the circulating tissue of the body?

A. blood
B. muscles
C. cells
D. liver
What is the test use to determine the
presence of gunpowder residue in the
hands of a suspect?

A. Diphenylamine test
B. Paraffin test
C. Ultra violet test
D. simon’s test
Can we forced a reluctant person to
undergo paraffin test?

yes
Can we forced a person(suspect) to give
us a sample of his handwriting to be used
as exemplar?

NO
What is the science dealing with the
motion of projectile and the conditions
governing that motion?

A. ballistics
B. Terminal ballistics
C. Forensic ballistics
D. External ballistics
What is the fixed discoloration of the
blood, clothed inside the blood vessels
or has diffused to different parts of the
body?

a. Hypostatic lividity
b. Hyper lividity
c. Diffusion lividity
d. Rigor mortis
Who Pioneered DNA testing?

a. Alec Jeffreys
B. William reynolds
C. Lowell C. Van Berkom
D. Henry Van Dyke