PERSONAL

IDENTIFICATION

Frederick A. Rodriguez
1. In every crime scene there leave traces,
traces that will lead to its author. This
statement pertains to…

A. Anthropometry.
B. Law of Multiplicity of Evidence
C. Locard’s Exchange Principle
D. Dactylomancy
LOCARD'S EXCHANGE
PRINCIPLE
In Forensic science, Locard's exchange principle
holds that the perpetrator of a crime will bring
something into the crime scene and leave with
something from it, and that both can be used as
forensic evidence.

Dr. Edmond Locard (13 December 1877 – 4 May

1966) was a pioneer in forensic science who
became known as the Sherlock Holmes of France.
He formulated the basic principle of forensic
science as: "Every contact leaves a trace".
 PAUL L. KIRK EXPRESSED THE PRINCIPLE AS FOLLOWS:
FATHER OF CRIMINALISTICS IN U.S.A.

• "Wherever he steps, whatever he touches, whatever he leaves,

even unconsciously, will serve as a silent witness against him.
Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair, the fibers
from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool mark he leaves, the
paint he scratches, the blood or semen he deposits or collects.
• All of these and more, bear mute witness against him.
• This is evidence that does not forget.
• It is not confused by the excitement of the moment.
• It is not absent because human witnesses are.
• It is factual evidence.
• Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself, it
cannot be wholly absent.
• Only human failure to find it, study and understand it, can
diminish its value."
2. It is the study of tiny white dots on a
fingerprint impression.

A. Sweat pores
B. Poroscopy
C. Sweat Duct
D. Chiroscopy
Dactyloscopy Dactylography Dactylomancy Dermatoglyphics

(derived from the is the scientific is the science

Latin words is the
study of which deals
Dactyl = finger and
scientific fingerprint for with the study
Skopien – to study or
examine)
study of purposes of of skin pattern.
fingerprint personality It is derived
is the practical interpretation. from two Greek
application of the as a means words, Derma
science of
fingerprints.
of which means
identificatio Skin and Glype
which means
n. Carve.
 CHIROSCOPY PODOSCOPY POROSCOPY

(Greek word “ (Greek word (Greek word

Cheir” – a hand, “Podo” – the “poros” – a pare,
“Skopien” –to foot, and Skopien and “Skopien” – to
examine) is the
examine) is the – to examine)is scientific study of
science which the science the arrangement of
deals with the which deals with the sweat pores.
study of the the study of the
prints of the footprints. Edmond Locard
palms of the Father of
hand. Poroscopy)
CHIROMANCY

PALM
ARC LOOP WHORL

AT RU WCDX
HOW MANY FAMILY?
THREE(3)= ALW

HOW MANY PATTERN (CLASSIFICATION)

EIGHT(8) (ATRUWCDX)
3. In counting the ridges of a loop on the
middle finger, fingers with 12 ridge count
is classified as_____.

A. Inner Loop
B. Medium
C. Outer Loop
D. Small
 loop
finger Ridge count conversion

Index 1-9 INNER (I)

10- + OUTER (O)

Middle 1-10 INNER (I)

11-+ OUTER (O)

ring 1-13 INNER (I)

14- + OUTER (I)

 WHORL
INNER (I)

MEETING (M) less than 3, whether inside or

outside pattern area

OUTER(O)
4. Which fingerprint patterns that are
frequently represented by a dash in the
classification formula except in the secondary
division?

A. Ulnar loop and Plain Arch C. Whorl

and Arch
B. Plain and Tented Arch D. Ulnar and
Whorl
 ___M-I_
-OI

T M T 10

W /

A A O I W

W C
KEY MAJOR PRIMARY SECONDARY SUB- FINAL
SECONDARY

6 5 1 2 3 4
RIDGE THUMBS Numerical Composition Ridge count Ridge count
COUNT OF ONLY value of of all capital of loop of loops or
FIRST LOOP whorl and small Or ridge whorls in
EXCLUDING letters trace of both little
LITTLE Plus 1/1 whorl fingers only
FINGER INDEX-
always IMR
NO LOOP CAPITAL
then first ATRUWCDX
whorl(for
counting) Small- rat
Classification sequence
 secondary
W W D X
W
W D / / X
D
 secondary
W X / A
Xr-a
D C T
Rr-t
 secondary
A W T R T
aWtrt
R R A R R
rRatr
 MAJOR
1. For Loop Pattern use Table A. In case the ridge count of left thumb is 17 or more, use Table B.

Table A Table B
Major Major
Ridge Count Ridge Count
Classification Classification
1-11 Small (S) 1-17 Small (S)
12-16 Medium (M) 18-22 Medium (M)
17 or more Large (L) 23 or more Large (L)

2. For Whorl Pattern, use the following table:

Location of Number of
Major Classification
Intervening Ridges Intervening Ridges
Inner (I) Above 3 or more
Outer (O) Below 3 or more
Meeting (M) Exact Less than 3

3. For Arch Pattern, if the arch appeared in index, middle and ring fingers, it is always represented by (–).
5. What fingerprint patterns are included
in the small letter classification under the
Secondary Division.

A. Radial loop, plain arch and Tented arch

B. Rdial loop, Unar loop and Arch
C. Radial loop, Plain Arch and Ulnar loop
D. Radial Loop, Arch, and Tented Arch
6. The identification of two impressions can be
established primarily through___.

A. formation of different types of pattern

B. formation of the two terminus
C. unexplained similarity of ridges
D. similarity of ridge characteristics in their relative
positions
7. In getting the Secondary Division of a
given fingerprint, from what finger does
the Capital letter is derived?

A. From the thumb

B. From the little finger
c. From the index
d. From middle finger
8. The purpose of adding 1/1 to the sum
of the numerator and the denominator in
the Primary Division is _______________.

A. to provide equal value

B. to complete the primary division
C. to have a complete 32 numerical value
D. for formality
9. In the event that same fingers of both
hands are missing what will be the pattern
interpretation of the two missing fingers?

A. Plain Whorl
B. Dash
C. Plain Whorl With Meeting Tracing
D. Same as the pattern of the next fingers
10. Additional fingerprint classification
written at the bottom of the classification
formula is referred to as what
classification?

A. Secondary Classification
B. Guide Classification
C. Reference Classification
D. Alternative Classification
11. Which term is use in the case where
finger/s is/are missing or mutilated?

A. Mutilated finger
B. Fragmentary finger
C. Amputated finger
D. Deformed
12. The Primary Division of the
fingerprints’ classification formula , if
all fingers are missing or cut is______.

A. 1/1
B. 32/32
C. 31/31
D. 16/16
13. What division in the classification
formula will be left blank if all fingers are
missing?

A. Major and Final Division

B. Major and sub-secondary
C. Key and Major Division
D. key and final Division
14. In getting the secondary division of a
given fingerprints, from which finger does
the Capital letter is derived?

A. thumb
B. little finger
C. index
D. middle finger
15. What patterns are included in the
small letter classification under the
secondary division?

A. Radial loop, plain arch and Tented arch

B. Radial loop, Ulnar loop and Arch
C. Radial loop, Plain Arch and Ulnar loop
D. Radial Loop, Arch, and Tented Arch
16. In case that there were no loops
among patterns, how the key division
will be taken?

A. Ridge count the first plain whorl

B. Ridge count the first whorl
C. No key division to derived
D. Write Dash
17. Which division in the fingerprint
classification formula that will be left
blank if all fingers are missing?

A. Major and Final Division

B. Major and sub-secondary
C. Key and Major Division
D. key and final Division
18. You are a Criminologist-Fingerprint
Technician classifying a double thumb of
the same size. Decide.

A. Take both pattern and classify

B. Classify only the outer thumb
C. Classify only the inner thumb
D. Print them together on the block and classify.
19. Which fingers are excluded in
looking for a loop in the key
division?

A. Both Index
B. Both thumb
C. Both little finger
D. Both middle
20. Type of fingerprint impression taken
simultaneously, which serves as a guide in
checking the proper rolling of the finger in the
card is____.

A. Rolled Impression
B. Contaminated with colored substance
C. Plain Impression
D. Molded Prints
21. Three blocks after finger number
four (4) is what finger?

A. left thumb
B. left index
C. index finger
D. left middle
RT RI RM RR RL

LT LI LM LR LL
22. A point along a ridge formation,
which is found in front or near the
center of the diverging type lines
is___.

A. core
B. delta
C. island ridge

D. convergence
Delta is also known as…

Outer terminus
23. Short horizontal ridge found inside a recurving
ridge which has spoiled the inner line of flow from the
inner delta to the center of the pattern found in the
second type of central pocket loop is____.

A. bar
B. appendage
C. uptrust
D. obstruction
24. Which fingerprint patterns that are always
represented by a dash in the classification
formula except in the secondary division?

A. Ulnar loop and Plain Arch

B. Plain and Tented Arch
C. Whorl and Arch
D. Ulnar and Whorl
25. Whose system of identification that
was accepted by Spanish speaking
countries?

A. Juan Vucetich
B. Sir Edward Richard Henry
C. Henry Faulds
D. William Herschel
Marcello Malpighi  Published a book on his
  study of pores and
ridges. His research
work was one of the
outstanding layers of
the human skin which
is also called by him as
Malpigian layer of the
skin.
 Grandfather of
Dactyloscopy
Johannes E. Purkinje  Published a thesis describing fingerprint types. He classified
them into nine major groups: transverse curve, central
longitudinal stria, oblique stripe, oblique loop, almont whorl,
spinal whorl, ellipse, circle and double whorl. The patterns
were later on referred to arches, tented arches, loops whorl
and twinned loops.
 Father of Dactyloscopy
Sir Wil iam James Hershel  Employed by the East Indian Company, printed the palm of
natives in order to identify the workers.
26. He is known to be the father of
personal Identification having devised the
first scientific method of personal
Identification. Who is he?

A. John Dellinger
B. John F. W. Herschel
C. Cesare Lombroso
D. Alphonse Bertillion
27. It refers to the number of ridges that
appears between the tracing ridge and
the right delta of a whorl pattern.

A. Ridge Count
B. Incipient ridge
C. Intervening Ridge
D. Ridge tracing
28. What type of fingerprint pattern
that the looping or slanting ridges
flows towards the little finger?

A. loop
B. radial loop
C. ulnar loop
D. tented arc
29. Ridges that lie between the delta
and the core of a loop pattern cross
by the line is termed____.

A. Ridge counting
B. Intervening ridge
C. Ridge count
D. Tracing ridge
30. During which stage of the fetal life
that the ridges start to develop?

A. 5th to 6th months before birth

B. 7th to 8th months
C. 3rd to 4th months
D. 3rd to 4th months before birth
31. The type of impression taken
simultaneously and serves as a guide in
checking the proper rolling of the finger in
the card is___.

A. Rolled Impression
B. Plain Impression
C. Contaminated with colored substance
D. Molded Prints
32. The core and delta are also
termed as _____.

A. inner terminus
B. outer terminus
C. focal point
D. pattern area
33. When a ridge bifurcates, sending two
ridges across the imaginary line, how is it
counted?

A. one
B. three
C. two
D. six
34. What is that spreading of two
ridges that previously running side by
side?

A. bifurcation
B. divergence
C. convergence
D. enclosure
35. Symbol used to represent a plain arch
is____.

A. T
B. P
C. A
D. W
36. He is considered to be the father of
modern fingerprint. His system of
classification was accepted in almost all
English speaking country.

A. Sir Edward Richard Henry

B. Juan Vucetich
C. Alphonse Bertillion
D. Dr. Hans Gross
37. It appears as tiny black line with
white dots, called pores in an inked
finger impression.

A. sweat pores
B. ridges
C. furrows
D. sweat duct
38. Galton and Henry System introduced
how many standard fingerprint patterns?

A. three
B. eight
C. two
D. nine
39. The fingerprint card used in recording
the subject print has a size of___.

A. 8 1/2” x 8 ½”
B. 9” x 9”
C. 8” x 8”
D. 10” x 10”
40. Is the Division of the classification formula
represented by a numerical value which ridge
account a loop or a whorl appearing on both
little finger of the subject.

A. Primary Division
B. Key Division
C. Final Division
D. Major Division
41. Split thumb, Webbed or grown together
fingers are called?

A. Inner
B. Outer
C. Exceptional
D. Polydactyle
42. Is a form of ridge characteristics, which
is characterized by the meeting of two
separate ridges previously running side by
side.

A. Lake ridge
B. Convergence
C. Divergence
D. Bifurcation
43. Prints which are not developed
using a conventional method can be
developed using…

A. Iodine Fuming
B. Silver Nitrate
C. Ninhydrin
D. Argon-ion Laser
44. A type of pattern consisting of two or
more ridges and which when course was
traced the tracing ridge flows inside the
right delta with two intervening ridges.

A. Plain whorl
B. Inner whorl
C. Outer whorl
D. Meeting whorl
45. A short ridge is one with a limited
length of ________?

A. 1 mm
B. ½ cm
C. 1 cm
D. 1 and ½ mm
46. Is that division of the classification
formula which is represented by
capital and small letters.

A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Sub-secondary
D. Major
47. Delta is a point found in front or near the
center of the diverging typeline. What should
be present between the delta and first ridge
count?

A. Ridges
B. Imaginary line
C. Wide space
D. Recurving Ridge
48. An instrument used for recording
and preserving developed latent
prints.

A. Finger print lifting tape

B. Fingerprint card
C. Fingerprint transfer card
D. Fingerprint ink
49. Is the system of identification earlier
used than fingerprint done by measuring
various bony structure of the human body.

A. Anthrophometry
B. Antropomety
C. Anthropometry
D. Antrophometry
50. Refers to the friction skin component
characterized by tiny elevation that forms
lines on a fingerprint impression.

A. Friction Ridges
B. Sweat pores
C. Furrows
D. Hill-like structure
51. The thick part of the palm on the
radial (thumb) side is called:

A. Carpal zone
B. G-Spot
C. Thenar zone
D. Clear zone
52. What is the interpretation of a loop
pattern appearing on the left thumb with a
ridge count of 17, if the right thumb has a
ridge count of 18.

A. Small
B. Medium
C. Large
D. Exceptional
53. A single ridge which splits into two
that meets a certain point to form the
original ridge?

A. Bifurcation
B. Enclosure
C. Convergence
D. Divergence
54. Is a type a pattern where most of the ridge
enters from one side and flows to the other
side with one or more ridge from the horizontal
place making a sufficient rise at the center.

A. Plain Arch
B. Arch
C. Tented Arch
D. Loop
55. The Modern method of identification
which is the biological equivalent of
fingerprint is _______?

A. Deocxyribonucleic Acid
B. Double helix
C. Deoxyribonucleic acid
D. DNA fingerprinting
56. In filing classified fingerprint card
what should be the first attempt to be
made?

A. primary numerator
B. secondary numerator
C. primary denominator
D. secondary denominator
57. In ridge tracing a whorl. When the
tracing follows a bifurcation the tracing
should proceed.

A. Along the upper line of bifurcation

B. Along the lower line of bifurcation
C. Along neither line of bifurcation
D. Along either line of bifurcation
58. Is the depth of cut the friction skin
that cause permanent scar on average
skin.

A. More than 1 cm
B. More than 1 inch
C. More than 1mm
D. Less than 1 inch
59. Is the person who discovered nine types of
fingerprint impression and who said that if there
are two persons with the same fingerprint it will
be 1: 64,000,000,000.

A. Marcelo Malpighi
B. Edward Richard Henry
C. Francis Galton
D. Juan Vucetich
60. It is fingerprint impression left by a
person accidentally or unconsciously.

A. Fragmentary prints
B. Chance prints
C. Smudged prints
D. Latent prints
61. Is that part of the friction skin
which if damage will result to
permanent scar.

A. Epidermis
B. Dermis
C. Malpigian layer
D. Corneous layer
62. In case a person has more than a regular
number of finger, the excess should be print
at…

A. Side of the card

B. Under the plain impression box
C. The other side of the card
D. Top portion of the card
63. Which term is used that refers to a short
ridge found on top or summit of the
recurve?

A. obstruction
B. bar
C. appendage
D. rod
64. Which fingerprint classification system is used by the
Philippine National Police and National Bureau of
Investigation?

A. Galton System

B. Henry System

C. Vucetich System

D. Galton-Henry System with FBI Modification and Extension

 65. What is the principle which states that no
two prints of different persons nor the
neighboring fingers of the same person has
ever been found to be identical in all respects?

A. Principle of constancy
B. Principle of Variation
C. Principle of infallibility
D. Principle of Difference
66. What are the details of the ridge structure,
formation and elements which differentiate
one fingerprint from another and which impart
individuality to each finger?

A. Recurving Ridge
B. Friction Ridge
C. Fingerprint
D. ridge characteristic
67. What is the inner terminus or focal
point inside the center or approximately
center of the pattern area?

A. Pattern Area
B. Type Lines
C. Core
D. Delta
68. Refers to the number of ridges
intervening between the core and the
delta.

A. Ridge counting
B. ridge count
C. ridge tracing
D. Pattern interpretation
69. There are _____ groups or
families of fingerprints.

A. 8
B. 5
C. 3
D. 2
70. What is the pattern which for the most part
looks like a loop, but which has a small whorl
inside the loop ridges?

A. Central Pocket loop Whorl

B. Double Loop Whorl
C. Accidental Whorl
D. Plain Whorl
71. What is the pattern in which the ridges enter on
one side of the pattern and flow towards the other
side, with a rise in the center, with not more than one
of the four requisites for a loop, and with no recurving
ridge, no angular formation and no upward thrust?

A. Tented arch
B. Plain Arch
C. Radial Loop
D. Ulnar Loop
72. The ridge tracing is___________, if the ridge traced
is inside the pattern area and there are at least
three(3) ridges intervening between the ridge traced
and the right delta.

A. Inner
B. Meeting
C. Outer
D. Middle
73. What is the assigning of classification to the
entire set of prints for the purpose of filing and
searching them?

A. Pairing off
B. Blocking
C. Summing up
D. Fingerprint Classification
74. What is the particular bone covered with
friction skin, having all the different types of
fingerprint patterns and it is located near the
tip of the finger?

A. Phalange
B. Middle phalange
C. Basal or proximal phalange
D. Terminal phalange
75. What is the process of counting ridges
that touch or cross an imaginary line
drawn between the core and the delta of
a loop?

A. Ridge counting
B. ridge count
C. ridge tracing
D. Pattern interpretation
76. What is sub-secondary classification?

A. The composition of all capital letter series and small letter series.
 
Primary B. The sum total of all numerical value patterns is a set of fingers
plus a fraction of one over one (1/1).
 
C. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of the
whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
 
D. The ridge count of the loops or whorls in both little fingers as the
denominator and both are placed at the extreme right of the classification
77. What is the correct order of fingerprint classification in the
classification line?

1. Primary Classification
2. Secondary Classification
3. Sub-Secondary Classification
4. Final
5. Major
6. Key
 
A. 123456
B. 216543
C. 654321
D. 651234
78. A latent palm prints left in a place
unconsciously held by the subject is
known as___.

A. smudged prints
B. chance prints
C. invisible prints
D. fragmentary prints
79. What is the heart of a
fingerprint pattern?

A. delta
B. core
C. ridge
D. furrows
80. What is primary classification?

A. The composition of all capital letter series and small letter series.
 
B. The sum total of all numerical value patterns is a set of fingers plus a
fraction of one over one (1/1).
 
C. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of the
whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
 
D. The ridge count of the loops or whorls in both little fingers as the
denominator and both are placed at the extreme right of the classification.
81. If the finger is amputated or missing at birth…

A. Both are given the classification of whorls with a meeting tracings.

 
 
B. the impression should be given both the general type value and the
sub secondary classification value of the corresponding finger of the
other hand.
 
C. both pattern are given the arbitrary value of whorls with meeting
tracings.
 
D. It is given a classification identical with that of the opposite finger.
82. What is final Classification?

A. The composition of all capital letter series and small letter series.
 
B. The sum total of all numerical value patterns is a set of fingers plus a
fraction of one over one (1/1).
 
C. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of the
whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
 
D. The ridge count of the loops or whorls in both little fingers as the
denominator and both are placed at the extreme right of the classification
83. An abrupt end of a ridge
formation.

A. Bifurcation
B. ridge ending
C. island ridge
D. enclosure
84. The point of a very short ridge dot
found inside the re-curving ridge as high
or above the shoulders.

A. Staple Core
B. Bar or Rod Core
C. Fragmentary Core
D. Answer not given
85. What is key classification?

A. Similar to sub-secondary classification but it only refers to the thumbs

 
B. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of
the whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
 
C. the ridge count of the first loop pattern from the right thumb to the
right ring, and from the left thumb to the left ring , excluding both little
fingers.
 
D. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of
the whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
86. What is the United States leading case
wherein the first conviction based on
fingerprint was recognized by the judicial
authorities?

A. Mapp v Ohio
B. Silverthorne case
C. People v Medina
D. People v Jennings
87. First conviction base on
Fingerprint and leading case decision
in the Phil. Jurisprudence.

A. Mapp v Ohio
B. Silverthorne case
C. People v Medina
D. People v Jennings
88. Who is the first Filipina fingerprint
technician?

A. Mr. Jones
B. Isabela Bernales
C. Generoso Reyes
D. Agustin Patricio
89. A single ridge that divides into two but does
not remain open and meet at a certain point to
form the original single ridge.

A. Converging Ridge
B. Diverging Ridge
C. Enclosure or Lake Ridge
D. Ending Ridge
90. There are_______ specific types of
fingerprint pattern.

A. 3
B. 8
C. 10
D. 15
91. What are the impression made by
simultaneously pressing the finger to the card,
use as a reference to classification?

A. Rolled Impression
B. Plain Impression
C. Ink Slab
D. Card holder
92. Works on Surgery to forged his own
fingerprints and was named “Man
without fingerprint”

A. Agustin Patricio
B. Robert James Pitts
C. Lucila Lalu
D. Isabela Bernales
93. What are the tiny openings/ the tiny
white dot in a fingerprint?

A. Ridge
B. furrow
C. sweat pores
D. Sweat duct
94. What is Secondary Classification?

A. The composition of all capital letter series and small letter series.
 
B. The sum total of all numerical value patterns is a set of fingers plus a
fraction of one over one (1/1).

C. The conversion of the ridge count of the loops or the ridge tracing of the
whorl and other composite of whorl appearing in the pattern.
 
D. The ridge count of the loops or whorls in both little fingers as the
denominator and both are placed at the extreme right of the classification.
 
95. What is the naming of any
particular pattern of fingerprints?

A. Ridge counting
B. ridge count
C. ridge tracing
D. Pattern interpretation
96. What are the most basic boundaries of
most fingerprints?

A. Pattern Area
B. Type Lines
C. Core
D. Delta
97. One ridge which forks or splits
into two ridges.

A. Appendage
B. bifurcation
C. ridge ending
D. spur
98. A chemical compound used in
conventional developing of latent prints
being one of the best methods that can be
utilized by a fingerprint technician is_____?

A. Fingerprint powder
B. Fingerprint Fuming Device
C. Fingerprint Brush
D. Inkless Inking Device
99. Which part of the friction skin
between the epidermis and dermis layer
responsible for the ridge formation?

A. Generating layer
B. Sweat glands
C. Dermal papillae
D. Dermis Papillary
100. Which division in the fingerprint
classification formula is placed at extreme
right of the fingerprint card represented
by a numerical value?

A. Key
B. major
C. final
D. primary