PRESENT TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

AIM: TO REVISE PRESENT TENSES

MEMBERS OF GRUP
 1. I’m learning Chinese.
 2. You’ve walked across the Amazon jungle.
 3. It has meant that I can finance my next
expedition.
 4. My mum and dad always watch my
documentaries.
 5. My agent is waiting for me.
 6. I’ve always loved travelling.
 7. I don’t like going with groups.
Answers
 1. I’m learning Chinese. – Present Continuous
 2. You’ve walked across the Amazon jungle. – Present
Perfect
 3. It has meant that I can finance my next expedition. –
Present Perfect
 4. My mum and dad always watch my documentaries.
– Simple Present
 5. My agent is waiting for me. – Present Continuous
 6. I’ve always loved travelling. – Present Perfect
 7. I don’t like going with groups. - Simple Present
Simple Present Tense
 Simple present tense is a form of tenses used to
state facts, general truths, habits, permanent
situations.
 Structure Simple Present
Positive Sentence

Pola: Pola:
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Subject + verb 1 (-s/-es/ies) +
adjective/noun object

(verb: to be) (verb: to teach)

I am a teacher. I teach English.
You are a teacher. You teach English.
We are teachers. We teach English.
They are teachers. They teach English.
He is a teacher. He teaches English.
She is a teacher. She teaches English.
For subject he, she, and it don't forget to add the -s / -es / -ies suffix to the verb. Example: He /
she teaches Englsih.
Spelling
 Y is lost in verbs  We use –es with verbs
ending in consonant ending in -s, -z, -sh,
+y: -ch, -s, -x:
fly – flies watches, teaches,
study – studies washes, fixes...
 -es where you wouldn’t

normally expect it
does
goes
Simple Present
 I live in Belgrade.  We live in Belgrade.
 You live in Belgrade.  You live in Belgrade.
 He/She/It lives in  They live in Belgrade.
Belgrade.
Negative Sentence

Pola: Pola:
Subject + to be (is/am/are) + Subject + do/does + NOT +
NOT + adjective/noun verb 1 + object

(verb: to be) (verb: to teach)

I am not a teacher. I don't teach English.
You are not a teacher. You don't teach English.
We are not teachers. We don't teach English.
They are not teachers. They don't teach English.
He is not a teacher. He doesn't teach English.
She is not a teacher. She doesn't teach English.

• Use do not (don't) for the subject: I, you, we, they.

• Use does not (doesn't) for the subject: He, she, it.
Simple Present - negative
 I don’t live in  We don’t live in
Belgrade. Belgrade.
 You don’t live in  You don’t live in
Belgrade. Belgrade.
 He/she /it doesn’t live  They don’t live in
in Belgrade. Belgrade.
Interrogative sentence

Pola: Pola:
To be (is/am/are) + subject + Do/does + subject + verb 1 +
adjective/noun object?

(verb: to be) (verb: to teach)

Am I a teacher? Do I teach English?
Are you a teacher? Do you teach English?
Are we teachers? Do we teach English?
Are they teachers? Do they teach English?
Is he a teacher? Does he teach English?
Is she a teacher? Does she teach English?
Simple Present - Interrogative
 Do I live in Belgrade?  Do we live in
 Do you live in Belgrade?
Belgrade?  Do you live in
 Does he/she/it live in Belgrade?
Belgrade?  Do they live in
Belgrade?
We use the Simple Present to talk about:
 Activities that we repeat regularly (routines, habits).
My mum and dad always watch my documentaries.
 Permanent situations and states.

I don’t like cheese.

 General truths

A doctor works in a hospital.

Common time adverbials:

always, often, usually, sometimes, never
every day, every week, every year ...
twice a week, once a month
regularly, seldom, hardly ever, occasionally
 to discuss the future after the conjunctions when, until, after,
before, and as soon as.
Example:
1. She’ll text you when she is at home.

2. They won’t go until you give them money.

3. I’ll cook fried rice after I take a bath.

 to give instructions

Example:
1. Next, you add some sugar and stir well.

2. You go along this road then you turn left.

 used in conditional sentence type 1.
Example:
1. If it rains, I’ll stay at home.

2. I’ll come if you invite me.

3. If you study hard, you’ll pass the exam.

Present Continuous Tense
 Present Continuous Tense is a form of tenses that is
used to express an action or event that is happening
right now or when a conversation is taking place.
We use the Present Continuous to talk about:

 Activities that are going on at the time of speaking.

Example:
1. I am writing an explanation of present continuous
tense.
2. You are reading the explanation at the moment.

3. Look! It is raining now.

Now ’and‘ at the moment ’are time markers that are often
used in this tense.
Common time adverbials:
now, at the moment, at present, these days
 Activities that happen regularly but only for a
limited period of time (temporary routines and
habits).
Example:
1. He doesn’t like vegetable, but he is eating a lot of
vegetables these days.
2. They usually play volley ball, but today they are
playing football.
 to declare an action or event that has been planned /
prepared in the form of a plan (arragement) or an
appointment (appointment).
Example:
1. I am meeting my friend tomorrow.

2. We are visiting Bali next month.

3. We are going to Bandung on the weekend.

4. It is two o’clock. I am leaving at five.

POLA PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Positive Sentence

Pola:
Subject + be (is/am/are) + verb -ing

(verb: teach)
I am teaching English.
You are teaching English.
We are teaching English.
They are teaching English.
He is teaching English.
She is teaching English.
For subject:
•I use am.
•You, we and they use are.
•He, she and it use is.
Present Continuous
 I am watching TV.  We are watching TV.
 You are watching TV.  You are watching TV.
 He/she/it is watching  They are watching TV.
TV.
Negative Sentence
Pola:
Subject + be (is/am/are) + NOT + verb -ing

(verb: teach)
I am not teaching English.
You are not teaching English.
We are not teaching English.
They are not teaching English.
He is not teaching English.
She is not teaching English.

For Subject:
•I use am not.
•You, we and they use are not (aren't).
•He, she and it use is not (isn’t)
Present Continuous - negative
 I am not watching TV.  We are not watching
 You are not watching TV.
TV.  You are not watching
 He/she/it is not TV.
watching TV.  They are not watching
TV.
Interrogative Sentence

Pola:
Be (is/am/are) + subject + verb -ing

(verb: teach)

Am I teaching English?
Are you teaching English?
Are we teaching English?
Are they teaching English?
Is he teaching English?
Is she teaching English?
Present Continuous - Interrogative
 Am I watching TV?  Are we watching TV?
 Are you watching TV?  Are you watching TV?
 Is he/she/it watching  Are they watching
TV? TV?
Spelling
 Verbs ending in –e lose the  Short verbs ending in one
final -e when –ing is vowel + one consonant
added. double the last consonant.
phone – phoning sit – sitting
make – making cut – cutting
change – changing swim – swimming
 Verbs ending in –ie:

lie – lying
tie – tying
THERE ARE SOME VERBS THAT CANNOT BE USED IN THE FORM
OF CONTINUOUS

know hear smell

taste like dislike

hate want need
love belong owe
own possess seem
believe respect understand
Perfect Present Tense
 Present Perfect Tense is a form of tense that shows
the relationship between the present and the past.
This tense is used to express an action that was
started in the past and has been completed or
continues while talking.
Pola Perfect Present Tense
Positive Sentence
Pola:
Subject + Have/has + verb 3

(verb: teach)
I have taught English.
You have taught English.
We have taught English.
They have taught English.
He has taught English.
She has taught English.

• Use haves for subject I, you, we and they.

• Use has for subject he, she and it
Present Perfect: have/has +3rd column
 I have done the  We have done the
homework. homework.
 You have done the  You have done the
homework. homework.
 He/she/it has done the  They have done the
homework. homework.
Negative Sentence

Pola:
Subject + Have/has + NOT + verb 3

(verb: teach)
I have not taught English.
You haven't taught English.
We haven't taught English.
They haven't taught English.
He hasn't taught English.
She hasn't taught English.

• For subject I, you, we and they, use have not (haven't).

• For subject he, she and it, use has not (hasn't).
Present Perfect - negative
 I have not done the  We have not done the
homework. homework.
 You have not done the  You have not done the
homework. homework.
 He/she/it has not done  They have not done
the homework. the homework.
Interrogative Sentence

Pola:
Have/has + subject + verb 3

(verb: teach)
Have I taught English?
Have you taught English?
Have we taught English?
Have they taught English?
Has he taught English?
Has she taught English?
Present Perfect - Questions
 Have I done the  Have we done the
homework? homework?
 Have you done the  Have you done the
homework? homework?
 Has he/she/it done the  Have they done the
homework? homework?
We use the Present Perfect to talk about:

 to declare an action that started in the past and is

completed at the time of speaking (completed
action) which emphasizes the result.
Example:
1. My sister has written two books. (Pada saat
berbicara, dia sudah menulis dan menghasilkan
dua buku.)
2. I have studied two chapters. (Pada saat berbicara,
saya selesai belajar dua bab sebagai hasilnya.)
 to state a past action whose time is uncertain or not
specific.
Example:
1. I have read that book.

2. She has been to Bali.

 to declare an action that has just been completed

(completed action) using the just time statement.

Example:
1. He has just gone to school.

2. We have just arrived home.

 to express an action that was started and finished in the past that has an
effect or influence on the present.
Example:
1. They have had a car accident. (Mereka mungkin sedang dirawat di rumah
sakit.)
2. He has lost his keys. (Dia tidak bisa masuk ke rumah.)
 to state actions that occurred in a period of time that was not yet finished
while speaking.
Example:
 I haven’t seen her this week. (Saya berbicara misal di hari jumat.)
 They have played football twice this month. (Saya berbicara misal pada
tanggal 20.)
 to declare actions that started in the past and are still
continuing (uncompleted actions), usually using for and
since.
 For shows how long the action has lasted;

 Since shows when the action started in the past.

Example:
1. We have lived here for four years. (Kita masih tinggal

disini.)
2. I have known him since 2012. (Saya masih

mengenalnya.)
The use and meanings of time adverbials
 already and yet  since and for
We use already in Since tells us about a point
statements and yet in in time when the
questions and negative activity began.
sentences. We’ve been friends since
I’ve already seen that film. 2003.
I haven’t finished yet. For tells us about the
period of time that the
activity has taken.
We’ve been friends for
five years.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 Present Perfect Continuous Tense is one form of
tenses that is used to express an action that began
in the past and still continues today.

 This tense emphasizes the action itself (for

example, the duration of the action).
POLA PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
TENSE
Positive Sentence

Pola:
Subject + Have/has + Been + verb -ing

(verb: teach)
I have been teaching English.
You have been teaching English.
We have been teaching English.
They have been teaching English.
He has been teaching English.
She has been teaching English.
• Use have been for subjects I, you, we and
they.
• Use has been for the subject he, she and it.
 Negative Sentence

Pola:
Subject + Have/has + NOT + Been + Verb -ing

(verb: teach)
I haven't been teaching English.
You haven't been teaching English.
We haven't been teaching English.
They haven't been teaching English.
He hasn't been teaching English.
She hasn't been teaching English.

• For subject I, you, we and they, use have not been

(haven't been).
• For subject he, she and it, use has not been.
Interrogative Sentence

Pola:
Have/has + subject + Been + Verb -ing?

(verb: teach)
Have I been teaching English?
Have you been teaching English?
Have we been teaching English?
Have they been teaching English?
Has he been teaching English?
Has she been teaching English?
We use the Present Perfect to talk about:

 to declare actions that started in the past and are

still continuing (uncompleted actions), usually
using for and since.

 For shows how long the action has lasted;

 Since shows when the action started in the past.
Example

She has been washing clothes since 6 o'clock.

(Sampai sekarang, dia masih menyuci baju.)

He has been teaching for two hours.

(Dia masih mengajar sampai saat ini.)

They have been learning English since junior high school.

(Sejak SMP, mereka masih belajar sampai sekarang.)

I have been working since 9 o'clock.

(Saya masih bekerja sampai saat ini.)

He hasn't been playing football since last week.

(Sampai sekarang dia belum bermain sepak bola.)
THERE ARE SOME VERBS THAT CANNOT BE USED IN
THE FORM OF CONTINUOUS

be know hear
smell taste like/dislike
hate want need
love belong owe
own possess seem
believe respect understand
Do the matching task
Matching task - answers
 1. I’m learning Chinese. – activities that happen regularly but only
for a limited period of time around the present
 2. You’ve walked across the Amazon jungle. – events that
happened in the past but it doesn’t matter when
 3. It has meant that I can finance my next expedition. – past events
that have clear results in the present
 4. My mum and dad always watch my documentaries. – activities
that happen regularly
 5. My agent is waiting for me. – activities going on at this moment
 6. I’ve always loved travelling. - things that started in the past and
continue up till now
 7. I don’t like going with groups. – permanent situations or states
Revision
Give a wider context for each of the sentences below.

 I write emails.
 I’m writing an email.
 I’ve written an email.
Now choose a verb and write similar examples of your
own.