IFR ARRIVAL AND APPROACH
PROCEDURES
BY:AnggoroHW
PENGERTIAN IFR/IAP
Instrument Approach Procedure terbagi
Serangkain Manuver dalam 3 bagian.
Yang Telah Ditentukan 1) Non-precision approach (NPA)
procedure. (NDB ,VOR,Visual
Dengan Mengacu kepada Point.)
2) Approach procedure with vertical
Instrument Penerbangan, guidance (APV). Rf ke PBN
(Performance Base Navigation)
dengan Spesifikasi Untuk 3) Precision approach (PA) procedure
(instrument approach procedure
Kesalamtan based on navigation systems (ILS,
MLS, GLS and SBAS CAT I)
Penerbangan.
Segments of approach procedure
1. Arrival segment
2. Initial approach segment
3. Intermediate approach segment
4. Final approach segment
5. Missed approach segment
Definition Segment Leg.
IAF = initial approach fix is a fix that marks the beginning of the initial segment and the end of the arrival segment, if
applicable. In RNAV application, this fix is normally defined by a fly-by waypoint.
IF = intermediate fix is a fix that marks the end of an initial segment and the beginning of the intermediate segment.
In RNAV application, this fix is normally defined by a fly-by waypoint.
FAF = final approach fix is a fix that marks the end of an intermediate segment and the beginning of the final
approach segment for non-precision approach.
FAP = final approach point is a fix that marks the end of an intermediate segment and the beginning of the final
approach segment for precision approach
MAPt = Missed approach point is a point in an instrument approach procedure at or before which the prescribed
missed approach procedure must be initiated in order to ensure that the minimum obstacle clearance is not
infringed.
DA = A specified altitude or height in a 3D instrument approach operation at which a missed approach must be
initiated if the required visual reference to continue the approach has not been established.
MDA = A specified altitude or height in a 2D instrument approach operation or circling approach operation below
which descent must not be made without the required visual reference.
MAHF = Missed approach holding fix is a fix used in RNAV application that marks the end of the missed approach
segment and the centre point for the missed approach holding.
MSA =Minimum sector altitude is the lowest altitude which may be used which will provide a minimum clearance of
300m (1000ft) above all objects located in an area contained within a sector of a circle of 46km (25NM) radius
centred on a radio aid to navigation.
Arrival segment
An arrival segment permits transition from the
en-route phase to the approach phase. The arrival
segment starts at the latest en-route point and
ends at the initial approach fix (IAF).
The arrival segment can be a:
1. standard instrument arrival (STAR) route
published on charts
2. standard instrument arrival (STAR) route
published on charts
Categories of aircraft for approach procedures
Aircraft performance has a direct effect on the airspace and
visibility required for the various manoeuvres associated with the
conduct of instrument approach procedures. The most significant
performance factor is aircraft speed.
Category Vat (km/h) Vat (knot)
Category A IAS < 169 km/h IAS < 91 kt
Category B 169 km/h ≤ IAS < 224 91 kt ≤ IAS < 121 kt
km/h 9
Category C 224 km/h ≤ IAS < 261 121 kt ≤ IAS < 141 kt
km/h
Category D 261 km/h ≤ IAS < 307 141 kt ≤ IAS < 166 kt
km/h
Category E 307 km/h ≤ IAS < 391 166 kt ≤ IAS < 211 kt
km/h
