PUMP; Types, Selection
& Application
PP-207
FLUID MECHANICS
PUMP SELECTION & APPLICATION
OBJECTIVE: to transport fluid in fluid flow systems
Proper selection and application requires an
understanding of their performance characteristics and
typical uses
PUMP SELECTION & APPLICATION
PARAMETERS
• Nature of the liquid
• Required capacity
• Conditions on the suction and discharge side
• Total head
• Power source
•Space, weight and position limitations
•Environmental conditions
•Cost
PUMP TYPES
1) POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
ROTARY Gear, Screw, Lobe
RECIPROCATING Piston, Plunger, Diaphragm
2) KINETIC Radial Flow (Centrifugal)
Axial Flow (Propeller)
Mixed Flow
PUMP TYPES
1) POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP
• Delivers fixed quantity of fluid with each revolution of the
pump rotor
•Makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount and forcing
(displacing) that trapped volume into the discharge pipe
•Frequently used in hydraulic systems
•Safety / Relief Valve is a must
PUMPS
1) PD PUMPS
Working Principle:
energy is periodically added by application of force to one
or more movable boundaries of any desired number of
enclosed, fluid-containing volumes, resulting in a direct
increase in pressure up to the value required moving the
fluid through valves or ports into the discharge line.
PD PUMPS TYPES (ROTARY PUMPS)
1) GEAR PUMP (Gear: a toothed wheel)
•Liquid trapped by the opening between the gear teeth of
two identical gears
•High viscous fluids
PD PUMPS TYPES (ROTARY PUMPS)
2) LOBE PUMP (Lobe : roundish or flattish)
•Similar as gear pump
•Widely used in food industry as they can handle solids
without damaging the product
•Suction ability low
•Cannot handle low viscous liq
PD PUMPS TYPES (ROTARY PUMPS)
3) SCREW PUMP
•Single or several screw rotates cylindrically and so moving the
material ahead
•Low-tech applications (oldest method)
•Irrigation systems and grain and solid transport
PD PUMPS TYPES
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
•Often used where relatively small amount of liquid is to be
handled and where delivery pressure is quite large
•Piston, Plunger and Diaphragm
PD PUMPS TYPES
(RECIPROCATING PUMPS)
1) PISTON PUMP
PD PUMPS TYPES
(RECIPROCATING PUMPS)
PD PUMPS TYPES
(RECIPROCATING PUMPS)
3) DIAPHRAGM PUMP
KINETIC PUMPS
• Pressure creating device
• Converts velocity energy (Kinetic Energy) to Pressure
Energy (Flow Work)
• Flow depends upon system characteristics
KINETIC PUMP
1) RADIAL FLOW PUMPS
•The fluid enters along the axis or center
•Accelerated by the impeller and exits at right angles to the
shaft(radially)
•Develops a higher head per stage, operate at higher
pressures and lower flow rates (comparatively)
KINETIC PUMPS
1) RADIAL FLOW PUMPS (Centrifugal)
KINETIC PUMPS
2) AXIAL FLOW PUMPS
•flow is parallel to the axis of the shaft
•fluid is pushed outward or inward and move fluid axially
•axial flow designs are used in very high flow rate, very low
head applications
KINETICS PUMP
2) AXIAL FLOW PUMPS
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
•Strong dependency between capacity and pressure that
must be developed by the pump
•This makes there performance ratings complex
•Large clearance between rotating impeller and casing of the
pump
•So decrease in capacity as the head increases
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
•Complete performance rating of a pump
•Head, efficiency and power curve v/s capacity
•Normal operation should be in the vicinity of the curve
PERFORMANCE DATA FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
AFFINITY LAWS FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
•Capacity varies directly with speed/impeller dia
•Total head varies with square of the speed/impeller dia
•Power required by the pump varies with the cube of the
speed/impeller dia
MANUFACTURER’S DATA FOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
EFFECT OF IMPELLER SIZE &
SPEED
EFFECT OF IMPELLER SIZE &
SPEED
PUMP EFFICIENCY
DIFFERENT IMPELLER DIA WITH
EFFICIENCY
NPSH REQUIRED
COMPOSITE PUMP PERFORMANCE
CHART
