Presentation on
Impact of DG on
Power Quality of
Distribution System
Importance of DG in Modern
Distribution System
Consumer gets backup generation.
Improved reliability of power supply at lower
cost.
Increment of generation capacity of power
system without adverse impact on
environment.
Power Quality issues with DG
Power Quality has direct impact on efficiency,
security & reliability of Distribution system.
Distributed generation can improve or
deteriorate the power quality .
Impact of DG on Power Quality &
their solution
1. Long Duration Voltage Variation
2. Harmonics
3. Flickers
4. Voltage sags/dips
Long Duration Voltage Variation
Overvoltage & Undervoltage are generally due to
load variation, faults & system switching.
DG are not powerful enough to regulate voltage
& is dominated by voltage change in utility
system.
Large Voltage change is possible if there is
significant penetration of Dispersed DG’s .
Suddenly connecting or disconnecting those
DG’s result in relative large voltage change &
persists until recognised by voltage regulating
system.
Long Duration Voltage Variation
Long Duration Voltage Variation
Voltage regulation scheme is to keep the
voltage magnitude between the two limits.
In this case DG helps to keep voltage above
the minimum & is able for slight voltage rise
towards the end of feeder.
During fault DG is disconnected & may
remain disconnected for upto 5 min.
Breaker recloses in few seconds resulting to
voltage dip as load is too greater.
Solution to mitigate Long Duration
voltage Variation
Installing voltage regulators.
Solution to mitigate Long Duration
voltage Variation
Limiting the amount of DG on the feeder.
Allow to reconnect DG more quickly.
Disconnect Load with the DG.
Harmonics
Harmonics are sinusoidal voltage or currents having
frequency that are multiple of grid frequency.
Voltage harmonics are always present in grid.
Nonlinear loads, Power electronics loads, rectifiers
& inverters are main source of harmonics.
Power electronics switches & synchronous machine
in DG are major contributor of harmonics in power
system.
DG rely on power electronic device such as AC-DC
conversion all those inject current that are not
sinusoidal.
Solution to mitigate Harmonics
Transformer connections in a three-phase
system should be connected parallel, delta-delta
and wye-delta transformers to yield net 12-
pulse operation, or delta connected
transformers to block triplen harmonics.
Adding or removing capacitor banks,
changing the size of the capacitor banks, or
adding shunt passive filters made of reactors.
Flicker
Embedded generators or loads causes
dynamic variations in the network voltage.
often uses relatively large individual items of
plant compared to load equipment
May start and stop frequently.
May be subject to continuous variations in
input power.
Solution to mitigate Flicker
Voltage sag/dip
A voltage sag or voltage dip is a short term
reduction in RMS voltage which can be caused
by a short circuit, overload or starting of
electric motors.
Depending on the generation technology,
loading conditions and the interconnection
location, DG might have the ability help
reduce voltage drops at high-load situation.
However, at low-load situation a massive
excess of DG production, upper voltage limits
could be violated.
Solution of Voltage sag
Ferro-resonant transformer, also known as a
constant voltage transformer (CVT), is a
transformer that operates in the saturation
region of the transformer B-H curve.
A SVC is a shunt connected power electronics
based device which works by injecting
reactive current into the load, thereby
supporting the voltage and mitigating the
voltage sag.
Simulation & Results
With Generator 9 Out
With Generator IN
