3GPP UMTS STANDARD
Jashan Kaur
EC-10912020
[Link] – I yr
Punjabi University,
Patiala
OVERVIEW
Generations
GSM Evolution Towards UMTS
IMT-2000
UMTS Architecture
UMTS: FDD/TDD
UMTS : Switching
Major Interfaces in UMTS
UMTS in India
Evolution of Mobile Communications
1G ( First Generation)
Introduced in late 1970s
Transmitted only analog voice information.
Large cells with wide range
Low infrastructure cost
Small subscriber capacity
High transmitter power
Prominent 1G systems are
Advanced Mobile Telephone Systems
( AMTS)
Nordic mobile telephone (NMT)
Total Access communication system
(TACS)
2G (Second Generation)
Was implemented to improve Transmission quality,
system capacity, and network coverage.
Digital communication was implemented due to
advancement in semiconductor technology.
Provided supplementary services like fax, and short
messaging service.
2G systems include
GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications)
D-AMPS (Digital AMPS)
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access )
PDC (Personal Digital Communication)
2.5 Generation
2.5 is a stepping-stone between 2G and 3G cellular
wireless technologies,
2.5 G systems
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
HSCSD (High Speed Ckt Switched Data)
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM evolution )
3G (Third Generation)
3G provide the ability to transfer
both voice data and non-voice data .
High Data Rates
3G systems
UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System)
CDMA 2000 ( Code Division Multiple
access)
TD-SCDMA (Time Division
Synchronous CDMA)
Comparision
1G 2G 2.5G 3G 3.5G 4G
Speeds n/a <20Kbps 30Kbps to 144Kbps to 384Kbps to 100Mbps to 1Gbps
90Kbps 2Mbps 14.4Mbps
Features Analog Voice; SMS; MMS; Images; Full motion On-demand video; High-quality
(voice conference calls; Web browsing; video; video conferencing streaming video, HQ
only) caller ID; PTT Short audio streaming video conferencing;
video clips; music; 3D VOIP telephony
games; apps; gaming; faster
Ring tone Web browsing
downloads
Technology AMPS GSM CDMA iDen GPRS 1xRTT UMTS 1xEV-DO HSPDA 1x-EV-DV WiMax
EDGE
Time 1980 1990 – 1995 1995 – 2000 2000 – 2005 2005 + TBA
UNIVERSAL MOBILE
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
(UMTS)
Definition
“UMTS is a mobile communication system that can offer
significant user benefits including high-quality wireless
multimedia services to a convergent network of fixed,
cellular and satellite components.
It delivers information directly to users and provide them
with access to new and innovative services and
applications.
It offers mobile personalized communications to the mass
market regardless of location, network and terminal
used”.
- umts forum
GSM Evolution Towards UMTS
Evolution of GSM towards UMTS can be explained in terms of
“generations”:
The entire cellular systems since
introduced has effectively been
replaced at times.
These major changes are referred to
as a new “generation” of cellular
systems.
IMT-2000
* A global standard for (3G) wireless communication defined by
ITU
* UMTS is being developed by Third Generation Partnership
project (3GPP)
Features
Seamless transition from 2G to 3G
High data rate
High speech quality
Channel Switching & Packet Switching transfer
High spectrum efficiency
Global availabilty
Different Environments for UMTS
Global
Suburban
Urban
In- Building
Micro-Cell
Home-Cell
Macro-Cell Pico-Cell
Support system in UMTS
Services supported by the UMTS core network include:
1) Voice
2) Universal messaging (integrated email, voicemail, SMS)
3) Video
4) Wireless internet access
5) File transfer
Interworking is supported to:
1) PSTN
2) GSM
3) N-ISDN
4) IP
UMTS Architecture
Main Constituents
User equipment
UE ( Mobile
Station )
Radio Access
Network
(RAN)(Base
station
subsystem)
- Core network.
Interface between different Function
Blocks
Detailed Architecture
UE ( User Equipment )
UE = USIM + ME
UE consists of :
Display and User Interface
User specific information
Authentication Algorithms and keys
User End Termination of the Air
Interface
Protocol Stack for Radio Interface
RAN ( Radio Access Network)
• Interfaces to UE and CN
• 2 Parts
* Node B
* Radio Network
Controller (RNC)
Tasks of Node B
Physical unit for Rx/Tx with cells
Connects to UE via the W–CDMA Uu radio interfac
Connects to RNC via the Iub ATM interface
Modes of operation : FDD, TDD , Dual
Node B is the ATM termination point
Measures connection quality and strength
Power control
Tasks of RNC
Central Node in RAN
Similar to BSC in GSM
CAC (call admission control)
RSM(radio resource
management)
Radio bearer set up & release
Handover
Congestion control
Encryption
Core Network
Home Location Register (HLR) : Database storing the
master copy of a users profile
Visitor Location Register (VLR) : Database holding a
copy of a visiting users profile
Mobile Switching Centre (MSC): Switch for Circuit
Switched Services
Gateway MSC (GMSC) : interface to external networks
Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) : Router for Packet
Switched Services
Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) : gateway to
other packet data networks
Location Management
VLR divided into Location
Areas
Each LA is divided into
Routing areas, controlled by
the SGSN
RA is divided into UTRAN
Routing Areas (URA), which
are tracked by the RNC
Major Interfaces in UMTS
• There are four major new
interfaces defined in UMTS
• Iu
between RAN - CN
• Iur
between RNCs
• Iub
between Node B - RNC
• Uu
The air interface
Switching
Circuit Switching
Packet Switching
Routing by Incoming Call (CS)
Routing by Packet Switching ( PS )
UMTS Modes
UMTS
UMTS-FDD UMTS-TDD
UMTS FDD (WCDMA)
• Built onto enhanced GSM core network
• Utilises:
• QPSK modulation
• Multiple channel coding and bearer rates
• Variable spreading factors and multi-
code transmission
• CDMA
• FDD
• Data up to rates of 2Mbps
UMTS TDD (TD-CDMA)
* Built onto enhanced GSM core
network
* Utilises:
QPSK modulation
Multiple channel coding and
bearer rates
CDMA
TDD
* Data up to rates of 2Mbps
Multiple Access Technique in UMTS
Major difference is air interface
– GSM: TDMA and FDMA
– UMTS: Wide-band code division multiple
access (WCDMA)
Frequency
Uplink Frequency: 1885- 2025 MHZ
Downlink Frequency: 2110- 2200 MHz
The channels are spaced by 5MHz.
The downlink uses QPSK for all transport channels.
Uplink uses two separate channels so that the cycling of the
transmitter on or off does not cause interference to the audio lines.
Problems with UMTS
Interference is the biggest problem in WCDMA
and need to control, this can be done through
Optimisation of
Site Location and configuration
Height, direction, beamwidth and tilt of antennas
Cable losses
Mast head amplifiers
Advantages over
previous Generations
UMTS is a successor to 2G based GSM technologies
including GPRS and EDGE.
Support 2Mbit/s data rates. Higher Data rates at lower
incremental costs.
Benefits of automatic international roaming plus integral
security and billing functions, allowing operators to migrate
from 2G to 3G while retaining many of their existing back-
office systems
Gives operators the flexibility to introduce new multimedia
services to business users and consumers
This not only gives user a useful phone but also translates
higher revenues for the operator.
Applications
Conversational Class applications:
Circuit switched voice service and Packet Switched Voiced Service
Streaming Class applications:
Streaming / Download (Video, Audio)
Videoconferences.
Interactive Class applications:
Fast Internet / Intranet.
Mobile E-Commerce (M-Commerce)
Remote Login
Background Class applications:
Any non –real time applications like
Multimedia-Messaging, E-Mail
Mobile Entertainment (Games)
UMTS in India
BSNL & MTNL are the first in India to be
able to provide with 3G UMTS
Features available :
* USIM
* speed upto 384kbps
* video calling
* mobile TV (etc)
References
Mobile Communication by Jochen Schiller
UMTS : The Fundamentals by B. Walke
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
THANK YOU
