Anti-Tussive &
Mucolytics
OBJEKT
IF
• Menerangkan definisi dan
tindakan ubat ‘anti-tussive
dan mucolytics’.
• Menerangkan kesan
sampingan ubat.
• Menyatakan contoh, dos dan
cara pemberian ubat.
• Menyatakan indikasi dan
kontraindikasi ubat.
• Menyatakan nasihat yang
relevan semasa penggunaan/
pemberian ubat.
Upper Respiratory Infection
• Is a most common
affliction(penderitaan) of
humans.
• Dadah yang digunakan untuk
merawat ketidakselesaan yang
berkaitan dengan URI
termasuk :
– Antitussives
– Mucolytics
– Expectorants
Antitussives
Antitussive
• Ubat yang digunakan untuk
melegakan batuk.
• Kebanyakan antitussive
digabungkan dengan ubat lain
(anti-histamine atau
expectorant).
Tindakan
• Centrally acting antitussives:
– Menyekat pusat batuk terletak di
medula
• Peripherally acting
antitussives:
– Pengurangan batuk oleh
reseptor regangan anesthetizing
dalam saluran pernafasan
Types of Antitussives
• Narcotic
• Non-narcotics
Contoh ubat Anti-
tussives narcotics
• Codeine Phosphate
(Linctus Codeine)
1. Codeine Phosphate
(Linctus Codeine)
Category: B
Indication
• Mengurangkan batuk atau
sakit
• Note: Elakkan pengambilan bersama
alkohol.
Dose
• Adult:
– 5-10ml tid PO
• Peads:
– (dilute 1 part to 3 parts of syrup)
– < 1 yr: 2.5ml tid PO
– 1-5 yrs: 2.5-5ml tid PO
– 6-12 yrs: 5-10ml tid PO
Kesan sampingan
• Sedation
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• CNS depression
Contraindication
• Allergic to Codeine
• Physical dependency on
opioid analgesics
Cautious
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Respiratory depression
• Hepatic/ renal dysfunction
Interactions
• Other CNS depressants &
alcohol
• Additive CNS depressant
effects
Contoh ubat Anti-tussive
non-narcotics
• Dextromethorphan Hbr
(Robitussin)
• Diphenhydramine HCI +
Expectorant (Benadryl
Expectorant)
1. Dextromethorphan HBr
(Robitussin)
Category: B
Indication
• Control of non-productive
cough
Dose
• Adult & peads > 12 yrs:
– 10-30mg q 4-8 hr PO
– Do not exceed 120mg/d
• Peads 6-12 yrs:
– 5-10mg q 1-4 hr PO
– Do not exceed 60mg/d
Kesan sampingan
• Sedation
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Constipation
• Nausea
• GI upset
• Skin eruption
Contraindication
• Allergic to drug
• Sensitive to bromide
(calm human)
Cautious
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
Interactions
• MAOIs
• Hypotension, fever, nausea,
jerking (leg) & coma
2. Diphenhydramine HCI
(Benadryl Expectorant)
Category: C
Indication
• Control of non-productive
cough
• Allergic rhinitis
Dose
• Adult & > 12 yrs:
– 5-10ml bid-tid PO
• Peads < 12 yrs:
– 2.5-5ml bid-tid PO
Kesan Sampingan
• Drowsiness
• Sedation & Dizziness
• GI upset
• Dry mouth, nose & throat
• Photosensitivity
• Hypotension
• Headache
Contraindication
• Allergic to drugs
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
Interactions
• Hypnotic, sedative &
tranquilizers
• Additive CNS depressant
effects
Pengawasan
• Jangan memandu atau
mengendalikan mesin
• Elakan pengambilan alkohol
bersama ubat actifed
Soalan
1. Berikan definisi Antitussives?
2. Senaraikan jenis-jenis
Antitusives dan terangkan cara
tindakan Anti-Antitussives?
3. Senaraikan ubat Antitussives?
4. Nyatakan kesan sampingan dan
kontraindikasi ubat
Antitussives?
Mucolytics
Mucolytics
• Ubat yang digunakan untuk
mencairkan mukus (loosen
respiratory secretions).
Tindakan
• Mengurangkan kelikatan (kete
balan) rembesan pernafasan o
leh tindakan langsung
terhadap mukus.
Contoh ubat
• Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
• Bromhexine HCl (Bisolvon)
1. Acetylcysteine
(Mucomyst)
Category: A*
Indication
• Mengurangkan
kelikatan lendir di dalam sal
uran pernafasan.
Dose
• Adults:
– 10ml of 20% solution or 2-
20ml of 10% solution q 2-6
hr (Nebulization)
Kesan sampingan
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Drowsiness
• Irritation of trachea &
bronchi
Contraindication
• Allergic to drug
Interactions
• Not found
2. Bromhexine HCl
(Bisolvon)
Category: C
Indication
• Tracheobronchitis
• Emphysema with bronchitis
• Chronic pulmonary
inflammation
Dose
• Adults & peads > 12 yrs:
– 10ml tds PO
• Peads 6-12 yrs:
– 5ml tds PO
• Peads 2-6 yrs:
– 2.5ml tds PO
• Peads 2-6 yrs:
– 1.25ml tds PO
Kesan sampingan
• GI disturbance
– Nausea
– Vomiting
– Diarrhea
Contraindication
• Allergic to drug
Interactions
• Oral Anti-coagulant
Expectorants
Expectorants
• Drug that aids in raising thick,
tenacious mucus from the
respiratory tract.
Tindakan
• Meningkatkan
pengeluaran rembesan pernafasan, y
ang seterusnya muncul untuk
mengurangkan kelikatan lendir
• This helps to raise secretions from
the respiratory tract.
Contoh ubat
• Terpin hydrate
1. Terpin hydrate
Category: B
Indication
• Symptomatic relief of
dry, nonproductive
cough.
Dose
• Adults:
– 85-170mg tid/ qid
PO
Kesan sampingan
• Drowsiness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Abdominal pain
Contraindication
• Allergic to drug
• Pregnancy
Interactions
• Not found
Soalan
1. Berikan definisi Mucolytics &
Expectorants?
2. Terangkan cara tindakan
Mucolytics & Expectorants?
3. Senaraikan ubat Mucolytics &
Expectorants?
4. Nyatakan kesan sampingan &
kontraindikasi ubat Mucolytics
& Expectorants?
