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PRODUCT DESIGN
&
DEVELOPMENT
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PRODUCT & SERVICES

• Product is anything that is produced to satisfy the needs
and wants of people. It can be both tangible (entity) and
non tangible (service)
DESIGN PROCESS
• Design process is a collection of procedures and habits
that help teams design better products. Overall Product
Design deals with the form, function, features and
benefits of a product.
1. Form Design — is associated with product's shape.
2. Functional design — is associated with product's
working.
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THE TOTAL PRODUCT

Product
Product
quality
quality Physical
Physical
Seller’s
Seller’s characteristics
characteristics
services
services of
ofgoods
goods

Seller’s
Seller’s Price
Price
reputation
reputation

Colour
Colour Brand
Brand

Product
Product
warranty Packaging
Packaging
warranty
Design
Design
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Engineering Managemet
Lec 4 by Huma Fawad
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Principles of Good Product Design

From customer prospective Manufacturer prospective (for
(for fulfilling a need) making profits)
• It should function correctly • Easy to manufacture
• It should have required • Use of standard components
standard of reliability • Well designed with minimum
• Easy to operate number of parts
• It should have easy • Minimum number of
accessibility for servicing operations
• It should obtain good space • Easy to pack and distribute
utilization
• Should have pleasant
appearance
• Should be reasonably priced
• From
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Product Design
Factors Technical Factors

1. Operating conditions
• 1. Technical Factors Skill of workers
• 2. Industrial Design Factors Environment factors
• 3. Economic Factors 2. Performance
Accuracy speed, Feed etc.
Length of time, Type of
materials used
3. Maintenance
Frequency of maintenance
Type of maintenance policy
(breakdown/planned)
4. Company experience
Has the company designed
similar product?
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Industrial Design factors Economic factors

• 1. Function 1. Materials
Technology availability Material specification, Yield,
Will product function at Quantity
minimum cost? 2. Method
2. Appearance Equipment. Layout, Labor
Does the product have Tolerances, Tooling
pleasing appearance? 3. Standards
Does it create esteem? Is design simple?
3. Ergonomics Are types and verities minimum?
Is the product suitable for Does it use standard parts?
human use. 4. Finish
Does the product cause Is the right finish being consistent
excessive fatigue to the with cost, endurance and
workers? appearance requirements?
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Engineering Managemet
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PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

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Engineering Managemet
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Engineering Managemet
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Engineering Managemet
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Engineering Managemet
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ENGG PRODUCT SPECS

Customer Need Engg. Design Specs

• Climbs fast • Climbs at 1 ft/s or faster
• Affordable as a birthday • Retail cost is to be less than $30
present
• Uses 2 AA batteries
• Fully assembled, Uses
batteries for power • No removable small parts
• It is safe • Music loudness 20-30 db
• Plays music as it climbs • Luminosity more than 5 W
• Glows in the dark • Works for more than 3 hours on 2
• Last a long time AA
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Design Specifications – Elements

▫ Performance (User) Speed, Capacity, Power, Accuracy, etc.
▫ Environment: (User) Temperature range, humidity, dust and dirt, etc.
▫ Life in service: (User) 10 years, 5000 cycles, etc.
▫ Maintenance: (User) What is the market policy, what customers accept
▫ Target production cost: (User) Cost of comparable products & company
policy.
▫ Shipping: Package sizes, Damage resistance
▫ Quantity (Manufacturing) Determined by market analysis.
▫ Manufacturing facility (Manufacturing) Is the design constrained by
existing facility?, Are parts to be contracted and assembled in-house?
Does the company policy dictate certain facilities?
▫ Size and shape (Marketing)
▫ Weight (Marketing)What is the desired weight?Should handles or lifting
points be provided?Should it be modular for better handling
▫ Aesthetics (Marketing,User) Color, shape, form, texture, finish.
▫ Market research.
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Design Specifications – Elements

• Materials (Marketing, Codes, Regulations) Left to designers unless
company guidelines or regulations restrict certain materials (asbestos,
lead).
• Product life span (Marketing, Manufacturing) Life of a product as a
marketable entity. Several months or several years?
• Laws, Codes, and standards (Government)
• Ergonomics (User)
• Quality and reliability (Marketing) Company policy regarding
warranties, Competitors warranty policies
• Testing (Marketing, QA) What tests would be performed to verify
performance, Standard tests
• Shelf life (storage) – Retail Possibility of rust, decay, deterioration
• Processes (company guidelines) Use of certain standards (GD&T for
example) Use of certain procedures
• Time-scales (deadlines) – Management Whole design project,
milestones
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Design Specifications - Elements

• Safety (User, Government, Legal)
▫ What safety requirements are mandated by government
▫ Professional society's codes and standards
▫ Need for warning labels
▫ Likely degrees of abuse or misinterpretation of operating procedures.
• Company constraints (Management) Compatibility with other products
• Documentation (Management – Legal) A product design must include a
full formal documentation per company guidelines.Safety, Operation,
and Service documents, etc
• Legal (Lawyers) What product liability law suits are associated with
similar products and why. Note the legal terms:“defect of specification”
“defect of design”, “defect of manufacture”, Relevant patents
• Installation (Installers) Many products must interface with other
products or be assembled with other products.
• Disposal (Society) Should any parts by recyclable? bio-degradable?
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CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT
• SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN
• Designing is the process of making many
decisions that converts an abstract concept
into a hardware reality.

Concept Product
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SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS

• Sub-system design specifications.

• Component design specifications.
• Feature design specifications.
• Procedural specifications.
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DETAIL DESIGN
Lift and Drag Coefficients
(as effected by ground promimity)

0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2 Drag Coefficient

Coefficient
0.15 Lift Coefficient
0.1
0.05
0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15
h/L

More Abstract
Engineering Less Abstract
 Performance cost Ease of use Reliability Safety

Users ***** ***** ***** ***** *****

Buyers **** ***** ** ***** *****

Retailers *** *** *** ** **

Govrnmnt ****

Mangmnt ** **** ** ** ***

Marketng **** ***** *** **** ***

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PDS – a Dynamic Document

• A design statement usually begins as a vague

statement
▫ The device is to be easy to use
▫ The device is to be safe
▫ The device is to be inexpensive
▫ The device is to be rugged and reliable
▫ The device is to be portable
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Product Design Statement

• Example: Pin Remover
▫ is to be light & rugged.
▫ must work in a wet, cold, and dusty environment.
▫ must be safe
▫ must have a 3-year warranty
▫ must work with air pressure.
▫ is be easy to use and easy to carry.
▫ is to pass “HTS” tests.
▫ is to last 5 years in normal usage.
▫ is to sell for less than $150.
▫ is to costless than $50 to make.
▫ is to have low maintenance needs.
▫ to be difficult to use as a hammer.
▫ must not infringe on patented devices.
▫ Production volume is to be 300 per year
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PROTOTYPE
• An approximation of the product along one or
more dimensions of interest.
• Prototyping is the process of developing such an
approximation - includes concept sketches,
mathematical models, simulation, test
components, fully functional preproduction
version of the product.
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IMPORTANCE OF PROTOTYPE
• A prototype brings your idea to life for the person evaluating
your invention
• Engineering drawings and artwork alone cannot “prove” the
concept in the same manner that a prototype can Identifying
design flaws and weaknesses is much easier and to ensure
that the invention will work
• Having a virtual or physical prototype helps to identify key
details before you file a patent application.
• Patent drawings will be much easier to complete if a model is
available
• Developing a working prototype can also help to determine
the best manufacturing materials and processes. Your
original invention may be altered based on the prototype.
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Types of Prototypes
Physical vs. Analytical Prototypes

Physical Prototypes Analytical Prototypes

• Tangible approximation of • Mathematical model of the product.
the product. • Can only exhibit behavior arising
• May exhibit unmodeled
from explicitly modeled
behavior.
• Some behavior may be an phenomena. (However, behavior
artifact of the actual. is not always anticipated.)
• Often best for • Some behavior may be an artifact
communication.
of the analytical method.
• Often allow more experimental
freedom than physical models.
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Focused vs Comprehensive Prototypes

Focused Prototypes Comprehensive Prototypes
• Implement one or a few • Implement many or all
attributes of the product. attributes of the product.
• Answer specific questions • Offer opportunities for rigorous
about the product design. testing.
• Generally several are required. • Often best for milestones and
integration.
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Prototyping Strategy
• Use prototypes to reduce uncertainty.
• Make models with a defined purpose.
• Consider multiple forms of prototypes.
• Choose the timing of prototype cycles.
– Many early models are used to validate
concepts.
– Relatively few comprehensive models are
necessary to test integration.
• Plan time to learn from prototype cycles.
– Avoid the “hardware swamp”.
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Virtual Prototyping
• 3D CAD models enable many kinds of
analysis:
– Fit and assembly
– Manufacturability
– Form and style
– Kinematics
– Finite element analysis
(stress, thermal)
– Crash testing
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New Product Development – Business

Strategies
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BCG Matrix

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKO5TpR2UwE
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http://heartofcodes.com/bcg-matrix-of-samsung/
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/strategy/ansoff-matrix/ 47

Engineering Managemet
Lec 4 by Huma Fawad

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=htp5YTvIymQ
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https://www.nngroup.com/articles/empathy-mapping/ 49

Engineering Managemet
Lec 4 by Huma Fawad

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwF9a56WFWA
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Engineering Managemet
Lec 4 by Huma Fawad

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuOrEIBVQX4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9bvzE5Qhjk 51
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Engineering Managemet
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