TYPES OF EVALUATION
FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE
SUNEESHA V A
II M.sc, MICROBIOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
Evaluation is a process of making judgements to be used as a
basis for planning.
It consists of establishing goals, collecting evidence
concerning growth towards goals, making judgements about
the evidence and revising procedures and goals in the light of
judgements.
Itis for improving the product, the process and even the
goals in themselves.
Evaluationis the process of determining to what extend the
educational objectives are being realized - Ralph Tyler
DEFINITION
Evaluation: from the stand point of classroom
evaluation, it is the systematic process of
collecting, analyzing and interpreting information
to determine the extent to which pupils are
achieving instructional objectives.
SCOPE OF EVALUATION
Value judgment.
Ascertaining the extend to which the educational
objectives have been attained.
Effectiveness of appraisal or methods of instruction.
Identifies pupil’s strengths, weakness, difficulties,
problems, needs and demands.
Provide baseline for guidance and counseling.
Placements and promotions in jobs.
Development of attitudes, interests, capabilities, creativity,
originality, knowledge and skills etc.
Development of tools and techniques.
Development of curriculum and for its revision.
Interpretation of results.
Helpful for curriculum planners and administers to improve the
curriculum pattern.
TYPES OF EVALUATION
FORMATIVE EVALUATION
- (process evaluation)
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
-(product evaluation)
FORMATIVE EVALUATION
Itrefers to evaluation taking place during the program or
learning activity.
It is conducted while the event to be evaluated is
occurring and focuses on identifying the progress towards
purposes, objectives, or outcomes to improve the
activities, course, curriculum, program or teaching and
student.
Formative evaluation is also useful in analyzing learning
materials, student learning and achievements, and
teacher effectiveness.
Types
needs assessment
Evaluability assessment
structured conceptualization
Implementation evaluation
Process evaluation
Advantages
Emphasize the parts instead the entity
The events are recent thus of marking accuracy and
preventing distortion by time
The results can be used to improve student
performance, program of instruction, or learning
outcome before the program or course has concluded
Disadvantages
Making judgment before the activity is completed and
not being able to see results before judgments are
made intrusive.
Interrupt the flow of outcomes.
Chance for a false sense of security when formative
evaluation is positive and the final results are not
positive as predicted earlier.
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
Summative evaluations, examine the effects or outcomes
of some object.
A summative evaluation (sometimes referred to as external)
is a method of judging the worth of a program at the end of
the program activities (summation). The focus is on the
outcome.
Summative evaluation refers to assigning a grade for
students achievement at the end of the course or
instructional program.
Types
outcome evaluations
impact evaluation
cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis
secondary analysis
meta-analysis
Advantages
All work has been completed and the findings
of evaluation is that nothing can be done to
alter the results.
