UNIT 1

FUNCTION
 A focal concept of extreme importance in modern mathematics is the idea of
functions.
Functions, which deal with corresponding relationship between the elements of
two sets; are useful concepts throughout the mathematics curriculum.
In numbers and number sense, functions appear in fundamental operation on
numbers; in algebra, functions take the form of relationship between variables that
represent the numbers; in geometry, functions map sets of points to their images of
transformations; and in probability; functions relate events to their likelihood.
1.1 REPRESENTING
FUNCTIONS
In mathematics and other disciplines, functions occur repeatedly in different forms . Here are
some real-life situations that make use of functions.
a. The area A of a circle is a function of its radius r,
b. The approximate amount of community tax C (x) paid by a taxpayers whose gross income is
x (inP)
C (x)=5+__x__
100
c. The table below show the PHILOPOST rates for sending printed materials.
 Weight Price

20 g below P14

More than 20 g but not over 50 g P32

Morethan 50 g but not over 100 g P54

More than 100 g but not over 250 g P132

More than 250 g but not over 500 g P263

More than 500 g but not over 1,000 g P525

 In the formal definition of function, the set of inputs I called domain, which serve as entry
value to the function rule, and the set of outputs is called range.

DOMAIN FUNCTION RULE RANGE

(Set of Inputs) (Rule of Correspondence) (Set of Output)
The function maps its domain onto its range
Functions are often denoted by any letter of the English alphabet or Greek character. The most
commonly used notations are f,g,b,F,G,H,¢,. Subscripted letter can also be used for different
functions in the same problem. For Instance you f1² f2²
And f, may stand for three different functions in a given problem.
 DEFINITION OF FUNCTION
A function is a rule of Correspondence between two non-empty sets, such that, to each element of the first set
called domain; three corresponds one and only one elements of second set called range.

Example 1 Identify the domain, the function rule, and the range of the following.
a.The volume of spherical ballon of radius r is given by
V=⁴/3πr².

b. A jeepney passenger pag P8 for the first 5km as fare, and qn additional P0.50 for every succeeding distance d in
kilometer.
c. The interest earned by a principal invested at 5% compounded annually for 3 years is computed using the
relation i=Prt, where I is the interest, P is the principal, r is the rate, t is the time.
SOLUTION
a. Domain: {r/r≥0}
Function rule. V=⁴/3πr³
Range. {V/V≥0}
b. Domain: {d/d>0}. 8 for 0 < d≤5
Function rule. Amount of fare F(d)=8+0.5 for d ≥5
Range. {P8,P8,P50,P9,P50,P10,….}
c. Domain: {P|P>/}
Function rule i=P(0.05)(3)
Range {i|i>0}
 A functio may be described as non-empty set of ordered pairs such that no two ordered pirs
have the same first elements.
Example 2 which of the following sets of ordered pairs are functions?
a. A={(1,2),(2,3),(3,4),(4,5)}
b. B.={(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4)}
c. C={(1,0),(0,1),(-1,0)(0,-1)}
d. D={(-2,4),(-1,1),(0,0),(1,1),(2,4)}
Solution
In a set of ordered pairs, if each first coordinate is paired with a unique second
coordinat, then, the set is a function.
e. A is a function
f. B is a function
g. C is not a function
h. D is a function
GRAPH OF A FUNCTION
If a given mathematical relation is presented in a graphical form, one can easily determine
whether it is a graph of a function by using the vertical Line Test.
Vertical Line Test
A graph of a mathematical relation is a function if any vertical line drawn through the graph
intersect the graph at exactly one point.
Example 3 Identify which of the given graph represents a function.
 SOLUTION
Draw an imaginary vertical line passing through the given graph in as may possible points of
intersection. If the line intersect the graph in exactly one point, the mathematical relation it represents
is a function. Otherwise, it is a mere relation.
a. F(x) is a function.
a. E(x) is not a function.
c. S(x) is a function
d.T(x) is a function
Domain And Range of Functions
The definition of Function does not allow an elements of its domain to have two or more
corresponding elements in the range. The definition however, does not restric two or more elements in
the domain to correspond to the same elements of the range.
If the domain of a function is not stated and restricted, it is understood that the domain is the set of
all real numbers, R which makes the values of the function real.
Example 4 Determine the domain and ranged of each of the following Functions:
a y2=x b.y2=x²
c.y3=¹/x d.y4=√x

Solution
a. For y1=x, the independent variable x can take any value in the set of real numbers which
makes the values of the dependents variable y1 real. Hence, the domain of y1 is the set of
real numbers, and its range is also the set of real numbers.
D={×|×€R}
R={y1|y1€R}
The graph of y1=x illustrates its domain and range.
GRAPHING FUNCTIONS
A function can be described as a nonempty set of ordered pairs such that no two pairs have
the same first coordinate.
If these ordered pairs are real numbers, each ordered pairs can be interpreted as rectangular
coordinates of a point in a Cartesian plane. The collection of all ordered pairs for a given
Function constitutes the graph of the function.
In the graphing a function, say f, find all ordered pairs that satisfy f. Then, plot the
corresponding points on a Cartesian plane, and draw a smooth curve that will pass through all
the points from left to right.
Graphically, the domain of a function y=f(x)is the projection of the graph of f on the x-axis, and
the range of the function is the projection of the graph on the y-axis.
Example 7 sketch of the graph f(x)2x-3 on the given domain
a. {x|x=-2,-1,0,3,4}
b. {x|-2≤x≤4}
c. {x|x<-2Ux≥4}
d. {x|x€R}
Then, find range.
Solution
e. The graph of the function f on the domain {-2,-1,0,3,4} is the set of points represented by the
ordered pairs (-2,-7),(-1,-5),(0,-3),(3,3), and (4,5). The ordinates are determined by substituting
each value of the domain in the Function rule f(x)=2x-3.
 1.2 EVALUATING A FUNCTION
When a function f is defidefine by y=f(x), then x is called the Independent varianle. Any elements of the
domain can be chosen as a value of the independent variable. The resulting value determine the corresponding
value of the dependent variable y.
The value of the dependent variable y=f(x) that correspond to a specific value of an independent variable x is
found by substituting x into the function rule,then, simplifying the resulting expression. Such process is called
evaluating Functions.
Rule in Evaluating a functiom
Replace every x in the function rule f(x) with the given replacement valueue, then, simplify the resulting
numerical expression.
Example 1 Evaluate the function f(x)=x²+3x-2 for each replacement value of x.
a. -3
b. 0
c. 2
d. 3
Solution
To evaluate the function, simply replce x in f(x) with the given replacement value then, simplfy the
result.
a. If x=-3,then
F(-3)=(-3)²+3(-3)-2
=9+(-9)-2
=-2
F(x+h)=3(x+h)-1=3x+3h-1
F(x+h)-f(x)=3x+3h-1-(3x-1)
=3x+3h-1-3x+1
h
=3h
h
=3
b. f(x)=x²
F(x+h)-f(x)=x²+2hc+h²-(x)²
h h
=x²+2hx+h²-(x)²
h
=2hx+h²
h
=2x+h

c.f(x)=√x+3
F(x+h)=√(x+h)+3=√x+h+3
F(x+h)-f(x)=√x+h+3-√x+3
h h
d.f(x)=2x²+x-3
f(x+h)=2(x+h)²+(x+h)-3
=2(x²+2hx+h²)+x+h-3
=2x²+4hx+2h²+x+h-3
1.3 OPERATION ON FRICTIONS
When a fundamental operation is applied to two or more given Function,a new function can
be formed.

Sum and difference of Function

If f and g functions which domain D and D respectively their Sum is the function defind as.

(f+g)(x)=f(x)+g(x)
And their difference is the function defined as
(f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)
The domain of (f+g)(x)and (f-g(x) is DfUDg
Example 2 Let f(x)=5x-2,g(x)=-7x+3,and =h(x)=9x+4
3 4 6
Find:
a. (f-g)(x). b.(g-h(x)
Then, determine its domain.
Solution
a.(f-g)(x)=f(x)-g(x)
=5x-2 - -7x+3
3 4
=4(5x-2)-3(-7x+3)
12
=20x-8+22x-9
12
=41x-17
12
The domain of f and g is the set of real numbers. Therefore, the domain of
(f-g)(x) is {x/x É R}

b.(g-h)(x)=-7x+3- 9x+
4 6
=3(-7+3)-2(9x+4)
12
=-21x+9-18x-8
12
=-39x+-1
12
1.4 PROBLEM INVOLVING
FUNCTION
In solving problems involving functions, George Polya’s 4-steps rule can facilitate its
solution.
First. Explore the problem carefully and choose a variable for an unknown quantity. If possible,
express other unknown variable in terms of this variable in the problem. Then, plan the solution.
Write equations (thought processes) that describe the relationship. Next, solved the equations
and other number relations, determine the required quantities, and answer the questions in the
problem. Finally, check the solution using other approaches and examine the appropriateness.
Example 1 A proposed train fare would charge P20.00 for the first 5km of travel and P0.75 for
each additional kilometer over the proposed fare.
a. find the fare Function f(x) where x represent the number of kilometers traveled.
b. Find the proposed fare for a distance of 45km
Solution
a. f(x)=20 for 0<x≤5
Let x=number of kilometers traveled
X-5=number of kilometers traveled over and above 5km
F(x)=20+0.75(x-5)
F(x)=20+0.75x-3.75
F(x)=16.25+0.75x for x>5
The fare Function is f(x)=P16.25+P0.75x.

b.f(45)=16.25+0.75(45)=16.25+33.75
F(45)=50
The proposed fare 45-km traveled is P50.00
PERFORMANCE TASK
John Ralph Genabe
Grade 11-ABM A

Eira P. Castro
Teacher

THANK YOU❤️