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Applications of DC
Generators
By B.Anvitha Reddy
20951A0109
Civil Engineering

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What is a DC Generator?
A DC generator is an electrical machine whose main
function is to convert mechanical energy into
e l e c t r i c i t y . W h e n c o n d u c t o r s l a s h e s m a g n e t i c fl u x , a n
emf will be generated based on the electromagnetic
i n d u c t i o n p r i n c i p l e o f F a r a d a y ’s L a w s . T h i s
e l e c t r o m o t i v e f o r c e c a n c a u s e a fl o w o f c u r r e n t w h e n
the conductor circuit is closed.

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Generator Work?

• According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, we know that when

a current-carrying conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field, an emf is
induced in the conductor. According to Fleming’s right-hand rule, the direction
of the induced current changes whenever the direction of motion of the
conductor changes. Let us consider an armature rotating clockwise and a
conductor at the left moving upwards. When the armature completes a half
rotation, the direction of the motion of the conductor will be reversed
downward. Hence, the direction of the current in every armature will be
alternating. But with a split ring commutator, connections of the armature
conductors get reversed when a current reversal occurs. Therefore, we get
unidirectional current at the terminals.

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E.M.F Equation of DC Generator
The emf equation of the DC generator is given by the equation:

Where
Z is the total number of armature conductor
P is the number of poles in a generator
A is the number of parallel lanes within the armature
N   i s t h e r o t a t i o n o f a r m a t u r e i n r. p . m
E is the induced e.m.f in any parallel lane within the armature
Eg is the generated e.m.f in any one of the parallel lane
N/60 is the number of turns per second
Time for one turn will be dt=60/N sec

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Types of DC Generators
T h e D C g e n e r a t o r c a n b e c l a s s i fi e d i n t o t w o m a i n
categories as separately excited and self-excited.

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Separat ely Excited
• I n a s e p a r a t e l y e x c i t e d t y p e g e n e r a t o r , t h e fi e l d c o i l s
are energized from an independent exterior DC source

Self E xcit ed
• I n a s e l f - e x c i t e d t y p e , t h e fi e l d c o i l s a r e e n e r g i z e d
f r o m t h e g e n e r a t e d c u r r e n t w i t h i n t h e g e n e r a t o r.
T h e s e t y p e s o f g e n e r a t o r s c a n f u r t h e r b e c l a s s i fi e d
into a series of wounds, shunt-wound, and compound
wound.

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Loses In DC Generators
In a DC machine, the input power is fully not transformed
i n t o t h e o u t p u t p o w e r. S o m e p a r t o f i n p u t p o w e r g e t s
wasted in various forms. In a DC machine, the losses are
b r o a d l y c l a s s i fi e d i n t o f o u r t y p e s a s :
• Copper Loss
C o p p e r l o s s t a k e s p l a c e w h e n t h e c u r r e n t fl o w s t h r o u g h t h e
winding. These losses occur due to the resistance in the
winding. The copper loss is categorized into three forms as
a r m a t u r e l o s s , t h e fi e l d w i n d i n g l o s s a n d b r u s h c o n t a c t
resistance loss.
• Core Losses or Iron Losses
Some losses in the iron core occur when the armature
r o t a t e s i n t h e m a g n e t i c fi e l d . T h e s e l o s s e s a r e k n o w n a s
core losses. These losses are categorized into two losses
as Hysteresis loss and Eddy current loss.

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Applications of DC generators
The applications of different types of DC generators
include the following.
• The separately excited type DC generator is used for
boosting as well as electroplating. It is used for power
and lighting purpose using a field regulator
• The self-excited DC generator or shunt DC generator is
used for power as well as ordinary lighting using the
r e g u l a t o r. I t c a n b e u s e d f o r b a t t e r y l i g h t i n g .

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• The series DC generator is used in arc lamps for
l i g h t i n g , s t a b l e c u r r e n t g e n e r a t o r, a n d b o o s t e r.
• A compound DC generator is used to provide the  
p o w e r s u p p l y  f o r D C w e l d i n g m a c h i n e s .
• L e v e l c o m p o u n d D C   g e n e r a t o r  i s u s e d t o p r o v i d e a
power supply for hostels, lodges, offices, etc.
• Over compound, DC generator is used to
reimburse the voltage drop within Feeders.

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Conclusion
Thus, this is all about the DC generator. From the
a b o v e i n f o r m a t i o n f i n a l l y, w e c a n c o n c l u d e t h a t t h e
main advantages of DC generators include simple
c o n s t r u c t i o n & d e s i g n , t h e p a r a l l e l o p e r a t i o n i s e a s y,
and system stability problems are less not like the
alternators. 

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