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H Y Poth Esis Te Sting: T-Test

HYPOTHESIS TESTING The document discusses hypothesis testing using the t-test. It outlines the basic assumptions needed to obtain valid t-test results, including small sample sizes from normally distributed populations. It then reviews the steps in hypothesis testing: 1) stating the hypotheses, 2) choosing a significance level, 3) deciding on test statistics, 4) computing test values, 5) making a decision, and 6) stating conclusions. Specific examples are provided demonstrating t-tests for independent samples and comparing the means of two groups to test for differences between them.

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Jhaydiel Jacutan
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98 views21 pages

H Y Poth Esis Te Sting: T-Test

HYPOTHESIS TESTING The document discusses hypothesis testing using the t-test. It outlines the basic assumptions needed to obtain valid t-test results, including small sample sizes from normally distributed populations. It then reviews the steps in hypothesis testing: 1) stating the hypotheses, 2) choosing a significance level, 3) deciding on test statistics, 4) computing test values, 5) making a decision, and 6) stating conclusions. Specific examples are provided demonstrating t-tests for independent samples and comparing the means of two groups to test for differences between them.

Uploaded by

Jhaydiel Jacutan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYPOTHESIS TESTING

T-TEST
Presented by Mr. Jahdiel Jacutan
T H E B A S I C A S S U M P T I O N S TO B E E S TA B L I S H E D TO O B TA I N
VA L I D T E S T R E S U LT U S I N G T- T E S T A R E A S F O L L O W S :

• Sample size is small (n < 30).


2. Samples, which are randomly selected, come from a normally distributed population.

3. For inference based on a single sample, the population standard deviation (σ) is unknown.
STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS
TESTING:

#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6

State the Choose a Level Decide the test Compute for the Make a State the
hypotheses. of Significance statistics to be value of the decision. conclusion/
to be used. used. statistics. implication.
5. MAKE A DECISION.

a. If the computed value of the test statistics is greater than the critical or tabular
value: Reject Ho and Accept Ha.
b. If the computed value of the test statistics is less than or equal to the critical
or tabular value: Accept Ho and Reject Ha.
HYPOTHESIS TESTING

A. T-test for Independent


Samples
A . T- T E S T F O R I N D E P E N D E N T S A M P L E S

The t-test is a test of difference between two independent groups. The means are
being compared x̄ 1 against x̄2

W H E N D O W E U S E T H E T- T E S T F O R I N D E P E N D E N T S A M P L E S ?

The t-test for independent samples is used when we compare the means of two
independent groups.
• The distribution is normally distributed, Sk = 0 and Ku = 0.265.

• We use interval or ratio data.

• The sample size is less than 30.


A . T- T E S T F O R I N D E P E N D E N T S A M P L E S

The t-test is a test of difference between two independent groups. The means are
being compared x̄ 1 against x̄2

W H Y D O W E U S E T H E T- T E S T F O R I N D E P E N D E N T S A M P L E ?

The t-test is used for an independent samples because it is more powerful


compared with other tests of difference of two independent groups.
FORMULAS:
A. FOR ONE GROUP OF SAMPLE

t = ((x ̄-μ) √n)


s
here:
W x̄ = sample mean
µ = population mean
n = number of samples
s = sample standard deviation
For Degrees of Freedom (df):
df = n - 1
FORMULAS:
B. FOR TWO GROUPS OF
SAMPLES:

For Degrees of Freedom (df):


df = n1 + n2 - 2
EXAMPLE 1:

The average life of an android phone in the Philippines is 30 months. It is known


that the standard deviation of the said phones is 4 months. A test is conducted to
validate whether the claim is true. 20 units are randomly chosen to be tested and
it was found that the mean life is 34 months. Test the hypothesis using a level
significance of 5%.
SOLUTION:
GIVEN: x̄ = 34 months
µ = 30 months
n = 20 units
s = 4 months
STEP 1: HYPOTHESES

H0: The average life of an android phone is equal to 30 months. (µ = 30)


Ha: The average life of an android phone is not equal to 30 months. (µ ≠ 30)

STEP 2: LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (α)

α = 0.05
df = n1 – 1 = 20 – 1 = 19

critical/tabular value (t.v.) : t0.05 = 2.093


S T E P 3 : T E S T S TAT I S T I C S

t-test for independent samples (one group)

S T E P 4 : C O M P U TAT I O N
STEP 5: DECISION RULE

Since the computed value of 4.472 is greater than the critical/tabular value of
2.093, reject the H0.

STEP 6: CONCLUSION:

The average life of an android phone is not equal to 30 months.


EXAMPLE 2:

The following are the scores of


10 male and 10 female BS
students in Statistics. Test the
null hypothesis that there is no
significant difference between
the performance of male and
female BS students in the test.
Use t-test at 0.05 level of
significance.
SOLUTION:
STEP 1: HYPOTHESES

STEP 2: LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (α)


α = 0.05
df = n1 + n2 – 2 = 10 + 10 – 2 = 18
critical/tabular value (t.v.) : t0.05 = 2.101
STEP 3: TEST
S TAT I S T I C S
t-test for independent samples

S T E P 4 : C O M P U TAT I O N
S T E P 4 : C O M P U TAT I O N
S T E P 4 : C O M P U TAT I O N
STEP 5: DECISION RULE

Since the computed value of 2.881 is greater than the critical/tabular value of 2.101,
reject the H0.

STEP 6: CONCLUSION:

Since the t-computed value of 2.881 is greater than t-tabular value 2.101 at 0.05
level of significance with 18 degrees of freedom, the null hypothesis is
disconfirmed in favor of the research hypothesis. This means that there is a
significant difference between the performance of the male and the female BS
students in Statistics, implying that the male students performed better than the
female students considering that the mean/average score of the male students of
13.1 is greater compared to the average score of the female students of only 7.8.
Thank you!

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