Design of spur gear
transmission
This section outlines a design guidelines
for iterating design process from which
We can select an optimum design for
given conditions.
In designs involving gear drives, normally the
required speeds of rotation of the pinion and the
gear and the amount of power that the drive must
transmit are known. These factors determined
from the application. Also, the environment and
operating conditions to which the drive will be
subjected must be understood. It is particularly
important to know the type of driving device and
the driven machine, in order to judge the proper
value for the application factor.
The designer must decide the type of gears to
use(spur gear, helical gear,bevel gear,worm and
worm gear,); the arrangement of the gears their
shafts; the materials of the gears, including their
heat treatment; and the geometry of the gears:
numbers of teeth, diametral pitch, pitch diameters,
tooth form, face width, quality numbers.
The design procedure accounts for the bending
fatigue strength of the gear teeth and the pitting
resistance, called surface durability. This procedure
makes extensive use of the design equations and of the
tables, as well as , charts of design factors
You should understand that there is no one best
solution to a gear design problem, several good designs
are possible. Your judgment and creativity and the
specific requirements of the application will greatly
affect the final design selected. But as a beginner, try to
work hard to create a reasonable design
Design objectives
Some overall objectives of a design are listed below.
The resulting drive should
Be compact and small
Operate smoothly and quietly
Have long life .
Be low in cost
Be easy to manufacture
Be compatible with the other elements in the
machine, such as bearings, shafts, the housing, the
driver, and the driven machine
Design procedure
1. Propose geometric size such as center distance form
required velocity and application limitation
2. Choose the type of material
3. Choose A trial diametral pitch
4. Determined the load, face with, and other design factors
5. Compute bending stress, compare it with the allowable
bending stress, if a reasonable value results, go to next
step. Otherwise, a new pitch or revised geometry is
selected.
6. Compute contact stress, analysis by same way for the
surface durability.
7. The final specification of the materials for the gear are
made to satisfy the requirement of both bending strength
and pitting resistance
Design guidelines
Chosen the diametral pitch
Use the graph of power capacity of a pair of
steel gears versus the speed of rotation of the
pinion, with several values of diametral pitch
shown. The hardnesses for the pinion and the gear
used for these curves are in the middle range of
possible values for steel (approximately HB 300).
Note that the curves assume a uniform load and
good alignment. If your application has higher
values for either factor, the entire set of curves is
shifted downward.
• Determine the face width
The face width, F can be specified once the
diametral pitch is chosen. through a wide
range of face widths is possible, the following
limits are used for general machine:
8/Pd<F<16/pd
Nominal Value of F= 12/pd
Also, the face width normally is not greater than
the pitch diameter of the pinion.
Get a optimum design
Decreasing the numerical value of the diametral pitch
results in larger teeth and generally lower stresses. Also,
the lower value of the pitch usually means a larger face
width, which decreases stress and increases surface
durability
Increasing the diameter of the pinion decreases the
transmitted load, generally lowers the stresses, and
improves the surface durability
Increasing the face width lowers the stress and improves
the surface durability, but to a generally lesser extent than
either the pitch or the pitch diameter changes discussed
previously.
Gears with more and smaller teeth tend to run more
smoothly and quietly than gears with fewer and larger
teeth.
Standard values of diametral pitch should be used for
ease of manufacture and lower cost
Using high-alloy steels with high surface hardness
results in the most compact system, but the cost is
higher.
Using very accurate gears (with ground or Shaved
teeth) results in lower dynamic loads and consequently
lower stresses and improved surface durability, but the
cost is higher ,
The number of teeth in the pinion Should generally be
as small as possible to make the system compact. But
there should be a undercut in the roof of teeth.
Example problem 9-5
A pair of spur gears with 20º, full-depth teeth is to be
designed as a part of the drive for a wood chipper to cut
pulpwood for use in a paper mill. The power source is an
electric motor that drives the pinion at 1 750 rpm. The gear
must rotate between 460 and 465 rpm. The gears must transmit
3.0 hp. A compact design is desired, but in no case can the
center distance exceed 5.00 in.
Complete the design that will be safe with a fatigue life of
greater than 10 million cycles. Specify the diametral pitch, the
number of teeth in the pinion and the gear, the pitch diameters
of the pinion and the gear, the face width, and the material with
its heat treatment.
