CHAPTER 5:

PLANE BENDING
 Contents

1 General concepts

2 Pure bending

3 Non-uniform bending

4 Stress concentration

5 Elastic strain energy

6 Deflection of beam

7 Statically indeterminate beams

I. General concepts
I. General concepts
I. General concepts
I. General concepts
I. General concepts
I. General concepts

Plane bending

M Π
q P

z
x

M
q P
I. General concepts

Un-symmetric bending

Π
M q P α

z
x
y
I. General concepts
Shear force and bending moment diagram
a. Shear force diagram (Qy)
Step 1: Q ph
 Q tr
P
y y

dQy Qy  0
q
dz
Step 2:
 Q Đ  RĐC
Q Cy y
q
a. Bending moment diagram (Mx)

Step 1:
M ph
x  M xtr  0
M Mx 
dM 0
 y
x
Q
Step 2: dz
M C
x  M xĐ  SQĐ C
y
I. General concepts

Pure bending and Non-uniform bending

M P

l l
Qy Qy
P
M Pl
Mx Mx

Qy = 0, Mx # 0 Qy # 0, Mx # 0

Pure bending Non-uniform bending

II. Pure bending

2.1. Bending deformation

II. Pure bending

2.1. Bending deformation

1. section remains Plane
section
Plane remains perpendicular
plane. to
longitudinal axis. the
τ=0

2.Length of longitudinal axis remains

unchanged.

3.In-plane distortion of section is

negligible
σx = σy = 0

=>Stress σz # 0
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending

Consider a beam segment of length dz.
A
y
x
dφ
ρ-y
Neutral axis
ρ

Normal strain along CD

C’ D’ CD  CD d  y  d y

 z CD  d  
A B
Hooke’s law:

C D (a)
 z  Ez  E y
A
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending

dF
A
For static equilibrium x σz
y
x
 Z 0N z   z dF  0 Mx
y E F
E dF   ydF
F
 F z
y
 Sx   ydF  0
F

Sx – first moment of cross-sectional area about axis x

=> First moment with respect to neutral plane is zero. Therefore, the
neutral surface must pass through the section centroid.
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending A

dF
x σz
For static equilibrium y
x
Mx
M x    z  ydF     y2 dF    y dF
E E 2

F F F
z
y

Replace J x   y 2 dF – section moment of inertia about neutral axis

F
x
E
 Mx   J x (b)

From formula (a), we have: E z


 y

Thay vào (b): M x   z Jx z Mx

 J y
y
x
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending

 z  Mx y
Jx
Where:
+ Mx – bending moment of section
+ Jx – section moment of inertia about neutral axis x
+ y – perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to a
point
where the normal stress is to be determined
On the section: Mx = const and Jx = const

= > Normal stress varies linearly

II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending

Stress distribution z  Mx y
J x


Mx  min

n
y max
min z
z h

x x k
y max

y 
y max
max

 k
–
 max  J x y ten
M max y max
 x

 min  M x y max
n
comp ymax –
Jx
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending 

* Symmetry section: k
y max  y nmax
n
min

y max
 ma  mi 
Mx
x n x
W k
y max
Jx 
Wx  – section modulus
ymax max

Geometric Properties of Structural Shapes

II. Pure bending
II. Pure bending
II. Pure bending

2.2. Stress due bending

* Un-symmetric k
y max  y nmax
section:

 max  J x y max
M k - maximum tension stress
 x

 - maximum compression stress
 min  MJ x y max
n
x

 max   min
II. Pure bending

2.3. Geometric properties of an area y

A
a. Centroid of an area dF

n n
yC C
 x Ci y Ci

xС  Fi1i n yС  Fi1i n
  xC x
Fi Fi
i1 i1
II. Pure bending

2.3. Geometric properties of an area y

A
b. Moment of inertia for an area dF
ρ
J x   y dF
2
Jy   x 2

dF F F

x
c. Polar moment of inertia

J
 
  2 
dF  x 2
 y dF  J
2 x  Jy
F F

* Moment of inertia of simple area

- Rectangular section:
II. Pure bending

* Moment of inertia of simple area

- Rectangular section:
h y dF
2

Jx   y 2 dF   y2 bdy dy
F h
2 y
3 3
bh h 3
bh h O x
   1

3 8 
2 3
8 bh
Jx 
12
b
hb 3
J y dF  b 
12
dy
II. Pure bending

* Moment of inertia of simple area

y d
- Circle section:
J
We have: J   J x  J y  J x  Jy 
R 2
J     2 dF  2 3d 
 x
F 0
R

  R4 d
 4  R

2
4 4 0
2
32
dF  2d
d d 
J  4
Jx  J y  4

 
0 0
II. Pure bending

* Moment of inertia of simple area y

- Triangle section:
2
h
dy
J xC   y dF  y 2 b h  ydy
2 3

F h h h y by
xC

3 
h x
2
b h  y dy
2 C
J x  F y dF  0 y h
b

dF  by dy
bh3 bh 3
J xC  Jx 
36 12 b y  b h  y
h
II. Pure bending

2.3. Geometric properties of an area

d. Parallel-axis theorem for an area
Known: Jx c , J y c ,
Find: a,b
J x , J y , Jxy
y yС
b dF
x x0
A J xc   y02 dF;
y0 F

J yc   x02 dF;
С xС
F
a
Jx y   y0 x0 dF;
O y c c
F
x
II. Pure bending

2.3. Geometric properties of an area

d. Parallel-axis theorem

J x    y0   
2
a y dF  a 2
dF
F a
dF  F y dF  2 F
02 0

 F

2
Jx  Jx  2aS x 
a F
C C

 Sx  0
C – centroid of an area C

J x  J xC  a2 F

J y  J y C  b2 F
II. Pure bending

Problem: the of of the about

Determine moment inertia area the
centroidial axis x 2b
b 3b

3b
2b 4b
b b

b 2b b b 2b b 2b b 2b

b b
4b 3b 3b

b b b
b 4b b 2b b b b
II. Pure bending

Problem: Determine the moment of of the about

centroidial axis x inertia area the
2b 5b
2b
b
3b
4b
4b
2b 4b 2b
b

3b b 2b
2b
3b b 3b
b
2b

b 2b b
II. Pure bending

Problem: Determine the moment of of the about

centroidial axis x inertia area the

x
II. Pure bending

2.4. Condition of reliability



Mx  min

n
y max
min z
z h

x x k
y max

y 
y max
max

Mx Mx
 max 
k
.ymax 
Jx W xk
  k

Brittle materials:
Mx Mx
  n
.ymax  
Jx W xn
  n
min
 Mx Mx
Elastic materials:   xk , xn    k   n  
max  max ,  min  W W 
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to a bending moment of M =90kN.cm,

determine the bending stress in the beam at points A and B.
Sketch (draw) the bending stress distribution over the beam’s cross
section.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to a bending moment of M =10kN.m,

determine the bending stress in the beam at points A and B.
Determine the maximum tension tress and the maximum compression
stress.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to a bending moment of M =8kN.m,

determine the bending stress in the beam at points A and B.
Determine the maximum tension tress and the maximum compression
stress.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to a bending moment of M = 500

kN.cm, determine the bending stress in the beam at points A and B.
Determine the maximum tension tress and the maximum
compression stress.

B A
II. Pure bending

Problem: The beam is made from three boards nailed together as shown.
If the moment acting on the cross section is M = 600N.m, determine the
bending stress produces on the top board.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is made of material having an allowable tensile

and compressive stress of [σ]t = 24ksi and [σ]c = 22ksi respectively,
determine the maximum allowable internal moment M that can be
applied to the beam.
II. Pure bending

Problem: A member has the triangular cross section shown. Determine

the largest internal moment M that can be applied to the cross section
without exceeding allowable tensile and compressive stresses of (σallow)t
= 154 MPa and (σallow)c = 105 MPa, respectively.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the built-up beam is subjected to an internal moment of

determine the maximum tensile and compressive stress acting in the
beam.
II. Pure bending

Problem: The aluminum machine part is subjected to a moment of M =

75kN.m. Determine the bending stress created at points B and C on the
cross section. Sketch the results on a volume element located at each
of these points.
II. Pure bending

Problem: The beam is subjected to a moment of 20 kN·m.

Determine the maximum bending stress developed in the beam.
II. Pure bending

Problem: The beam is subjected to a moment of M = 40 N·m. Determine

the bending stress acting at point A and B.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to an internal moment of M = 3

kN.m, determine the maximum tensile and compressive stress in the
beam.
II. Pure bending

Problem: If the beam is subjected to an internal moment of M=100kN.m

determine the bending stress developed at points A, B, and C.
III. Non-uniform bending

Qy  0 Mx 
and 0

Mx
Mx z  y Normal stress
Jx

Qy zy  ?? Transverse shear stress

?
III. Non-uniform bending

3.1. Shear in straight member

Qy
III. Non-uniform bending

3.2. The shear formula

QyS A
 x
Where S xA   ydA  y ' A
A' '
Jx t
III. Non-uniform bending

3.2. The shear formula

QyS A
 x

Jx t Qy

Where
+ τ – the shear stress in the member at the point located a distance y’
from the neutral axis.
+ Qy – the internal resultant shear force
+ t – the width of the member’s cross-sectional area
+ S xA  yA
III. Non-uniform bending

Rectangular cross section

Shear stress distribution is parabolic
y
y


max
h x

Qy
b

6Qy  2 2 3
  h  y   max Q
y

bh3  4  2
A
III. Non-uniform bending

Wide – flange beam

III. Non-uniform bending

Problem: A steel wide-flange beam has the dimensions shown in figure.

If it is subjected to a shear of V = 80kN, plot the shear-stress
distribution acting over the beam’s cross-sectional area.
III. Non-uniform bending

Solutions

• The moment of inertia of the cross-sectional area about the

neutral axis is

J   1 0.015 0.23 

x 1

2 
 2  1 0.30.023  0.30.02 0.112   155.6 106 
1

m 2
4


• For point B, tB’ = 0.3m, and A’ is the dark

shaded area shown in Fig. 7–11c
SB
 y ' A '  0.11 0.3  0.02   0.66 1 0  3 
'

mQ S
3 8 0  1 0 3
0.66 1 0 3

B'  y' B   1.13 M P a

J xt B ' 
III. Non-uniform bending
Solutions
• For point B, tB = 0.015m, and QB = QB’,

VQ  8 0  1 0 3
0.66 1 0 3
  
B B 22.6 M P a
It B  
1 5 5.6 1 0  6 0.0 1 5 

• For point C, tC = 0.015m, and A’ is the dark

• shaded area in Fig. 7–11d.

• Considering this area to be composed of two rectangles,

Q C   y ' A '  0 .1 10 .3 0 .0 2   0 .0 5 0 .0 1 5 0 .1   0 .7 3 51 0  3
m 3
V Qc 
80 10 0 .7 3 5 1 0
It  1 5 5.6 1 0
3 3
  m ax   25.2 M P a
• Thus,  C
0.0 1 5 
C

6
III. Non-uniform bending

3.3. Stress in cross-section

 min
A
B B B
z
C
x  max
D D
D
E 
y
max

C A
E
 max   Mx n
 min   A  ymax
 max  E 
Mx k
ymax
 J
C
x
Jx

B
D
 D
B Mx Mx
B  yB  D yD
Jx Jx
III. Non-uniform bending

3.4. Stress in inclined section

Known: σz , τzy ,α u u
u
Find: σu , τuv σz σz σz

τzy uv

τzy v

 z z zy sin
      
u
U 0 2 2 cos 2 2

 
 z
sin 2 zy cos
  V  0   uv 2
2

The maximum normal stress:
du 2yz
0 tg 2 principal planes of stress
d z

The principal stress:  ma  z  1 2z 42

x 2 2 zy
III. Non-uniform bending

3.4. Stress in inclined section


  sin
 U  0  u  2 z  2 z cos 2 zy
 2

  cos
 V  0  uv  2 z sin 2 zy
2
  
The maximum shear stress:
d uv
0 
d tg2  2 z
yz

1
2   2  4
ma
x 2
min
z

zy
III. Non-uniform bending

3.5. Condition of reliability

At point A and E
A
 min Mx n
 min   A  ymax
A
B B   Jx
z B
C
x  max E
D D Mx k
D  max   E ymax
Jx
E  
y
max

Mx
 max   k
max k
 .ymax
Jx
Condition of reliability: 
Mx
  
max
 n
.y max n
Jx
min 
III. Non-uniform bending

3.5. Condition of reliability

At point C:
 min
A
B B B C
z
C  max  
x  max
D D C
D
E 
y
max

  F
 Q yS x2   
Condition of reliability:  max  max
F
 
J 2 
x .b
III. Non-uniform bending

3.4. Condition of reliability

At points B, D:
 min B

A B 
B B Mx
z B B 
C y Bx J
x  max D
D D D
D
M
E  D  J x yD
y x
max

M
Normal stress  z  Jx y
x

QyS xA
Shear stress  zy 
J xt
Criteria of reliability  2  4
2
  
3: z

  3 2   
2 zy
Criteria of reliability z zy
IV. Stress concentration

 ma  K Mc
x
I
V. Elastic Strain Energy

n
M x2
U   dz
i1 Li 2EJ x
VI. Deflection of beam
VI. Deflection of beam

6.1. Elastic curve

VI. Deflection of beam

6.1. Elastic curve

Equation of the elastic curve

d

y 1  
We have:      M
  J
y

y
VI. Deflection of beam

6.1. Elastic curve

Equation of the elastic curve

Kinematic relationship between radius of curvature ρ and location

z:
2
1 w dw d w
  3 where w  dz ; w   dz 2


1 w2


Then using 2the moment curvature equation, we have

M 1 w
   w

 
3/
EI  1  w 2
VI. Deflection of beam

6.1. Elastic curve

w  M
Equation of the elastic curve EI
Sign convention:

w  w 
0 0
M
w  
EI
VI. Deflection of beam

6.1. Elastic curve

Equation of the elastic curve
M
w  
EI
- Slope:  w    M dz  1
 C

- Displacement: w    
 MEI 

 EI dz  dz  1 z 
C
2
C
The integration constants C1, C2 can be determined by
imposing the boundary conditions:
VI. Deflection of beam

Example: The cantilevered beam shown in Fig. 12–10a is subjected to

a vertical load P at its end. Determine the equation of the elastic curve.
EI is constant.
VI. Deflection of beam

Solution
From the free-body diagram, with M acting in the positive direction, Fig.
12–10b, we have

M  Pz
Equation of the elastic curve z Q
d2
EI 2  Pz (1)
w
dz
EI dw  Pz 2

 C1 (2)
 2
dz Pz 3
EIw    C1 z  C2 (3)
6
VI. Deflection of beam

Solution
Using the boundary conditions dw/dz = 0 at z = L and w = 0 at z = L,
equations 2 and 3 become
PL2
0  C1
 2
PL3
0  C1L 
 6
C2
PL 2
PL
 C1  and C2   3
2 3
Substituting these results, we get

P
  2EI L2  z 2
(Ans)
w  6EI z
P 3
 3L z  2L
2 3
VI. Deflection of beam

2. Energy method
1. Castigliano’s Theorem
P

L
M 2 dx
U  0 2EI
k

U L
M M
k   dz
Pk 0 EI Pk
VI. Deflection of beam

6.2.2. Formula Mohr '' m P

''
Step 1: Find Mxm
C

Step 2: Place virtual unit load Pk = 1

Pk 
Find Mxk '' k
1
''
C
n
M xk M xm
dz
wC    EJ
i1 Li x
VI. Deflection of beam

6.2.3. Formula Verexaghin

Consider deflection at point A
m C '' m
1. Draw bending moment “m” ''

F '' k
2. Draw bending moment “k” C ''

n
mi FCi
3. Consider km 
Ei J xi

i1
VI. Deflection of beam
* Geometric Properties of Area Elements



1  1
hl 
h C  2 h  3
 C hl

d  l d  l
d  3 d  4

l 
l

 2
 2  hl
 hl h
 3
C h  3 C 

d  l d  5l
 8
d  2 d

l

l
VI. Deflection of beam
6.2.3. Formula Verexaghin
Special case

2
1 C1 '' m m '' m C2 '' m
1 C1
'' '' ''

'' k
F '' F F '' k
'' k
1 1 2 ''
''

 km  1F1
EJ x  km  1F1  2 F2
EJ x
VI. Deflection of beam
6.2.3. Formula Verexaghin

C2 2 C2
'' m '' m
C  C
'' ''  km  1F1  2 F2
1 1
1
EJ x
F
1 F '' k '' k
'' F F
2 ''
1 2

qa 2
d
2 8
'' m
 3
''
1

F '' k F
F F F
2
'' 1
1 2 3
2 2  qa2  
 km  1F1  2 F2  3 3  da   8 a
3 3 a
VI. Deflection of beam
6.2.3. Formula Verexaghin

qa 2
2 d
8
 
'' m 1 3
''

F '' k F F F
'' 1
2 3

 km 1F1  2 F2  3 2
3  da 
2  qa2 

 EJ x 3

3 8 a
F3 
VI. Deflection of beam
Problem: Determine the minimum diameter d shaft which is subjected to
the concentrated force. The journal bearings at A and B only support
vertical forces.
Determine slope at point B
Known: [σ] = 12kN/cm2; E = 2.104 kN/cm2

d
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the 80-

mm-diameter shaft which is subjected to the concentrated forces.
The journal bearings at A and B only support vertical forces.

8cm
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the 60-

mm-diameter shaft which is subjected to the concentrated forces.
The journal bearings at A and B only support vertical forces.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Determine the smallest allowable diameter of the shaft which

is subjected to the concentrated forces. The journal bearings at A and B
only support vertical forces. The allowable bending stress is σallow =
150Mpa
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If the concentrated force P = 2kN is applied at the free end of

the overhanging beam, determine the absolute maximum tensile and
compressive stress developed in the beam.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If the overhanging beam is made of wood having

allowable tensile and compressive stresses of (σallowthe
)t = 4Mpa and
(σallow)c = 5Mpa determine the maximum concentrated force P that can
applied at the free end
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the shaft

which is subjected to the concentrated forces. The journal bearings at A
and D only support vertical forces.
Known: [σ] = 8kN/cm2; E = 1,5.104kN/cm2
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: The beam has a rectangular cross section as shown.

a. Determine the minimum b of the cross section.
b. Determine slope at point B
c. Determine slope at point C
Known: [σ] = 11kN/cm2; E = 1,3.104kN/cm2

4b

2b
VI. Deflection of beam

Example: Cantilever beam AC is subjected to the concentrated

forces.
a. Determine the maximum concentrated force P that can applied.
b. Determine deflection and slope at point B, C
Known: [σ] = 14kN/cm2; a = 0,5m; E = 1,8.104kN/cm2

2P P 20cm
1cm
A B C
1cm
Pa 25cm
2a 3a
1cm
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Beam AC is subjected to the concentrated forces as show.

Beam is made of steel A-36 having the allowable stress of σallow =
24kN/cm2. Select an appropriate W shape. Give a = 0,8m

150kN 150kN
A A

2a a 7a
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Cantilever beam AC is subjected to the concentrated

forces.
a. Determine the minimum b of cross section.
b. Determine deflection and slope at point B
Known: [σ] = 24kN/cm2; P = 120kN; a = 0.5m; E = 2,1.104kN/cm2

P P b
A B C
3b
b
3a 2a
3b
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: The beam has a rectangular cross section as shown. Determine

the largest load P that can be supported on its overhanging ends so that
the bending stress does not exceed σmax = 10 MPa.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If the beam has a square cross section of 225mm on each side,
determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If d = 450 mm, determine the absolute maximum

bending stress in the overhanging beam.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If wood used for the beam has an allowable bending stress of
σallow = 60Mpa, determine the minimum dimension d of the beam’s cross-
sectional area to the nearest mm.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Cantilever I-beam AB is subjected to the uniform distributed

load as shown.
Determine the maximum bending stress and deflection of point B.
Known: [σ] = 14kN/cm2; b=3cm; E = 1,4.104kN/cm2
5b

4b
B
b 3b b 3b
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Cantilever beam AB is subjected to the uniform distributed

and concentrated load as shown. Beam is made of material have
allowable stress [σ].
a. Determine the maximum magnitude load [q].
b. Determine the slope at point B
Known: [σ] = 12kN/cm2; a = 0.5m; b = 4cm; E = 1,1.104kN/cm2

q P=q.a
3b

2b
2a 2a b

b 2b b
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: If the beam has a square cross section of 150mm on each side,
determine the absolute maximum bending stress in the beam
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: The I-beam AC is subjected to the uniform distributed load as

shown. Beam is made of steel A-36 has an allowable stress [σ].
a.Determine the maximum bending stress.
b.Determine the deflection and slope at point C
Known: [σ] = 24kN/cm2; E = 2,3.104kN/cm2

W610x155
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: The beam has a rectangular cross section as shown.

a. Determine the minimum b of the cross section.
b. Determine slope at point B.
Known: [σ] = 18kN/cm2 ; E = 1,7.104kN/cm2
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Determine the maximum q in T-beam as shown. The beam has

an allowable bending stress of σallow = 18kN/cm2.
Determine deflection of point B
Known: b = 4cm; a = 0,3m; E = 1,8.104kN/cm2

q qa 2b
qa

qa2
4b
A B C

3a 2a 2b b 2b
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: The overhang beam is subjected to the uniform distributed

load having an intensity of w = 50kN/m. Determine the maximum
bending stress developed in the beam.
VI. Deflection of beam

Problem: Thanh ray mặt cắt ngang như không đổi hình chữ nhật. Thanh
chịu tác dụng của 2 lực tập trung P. Phản lực do nền tác dụng lên thanh
xem như phân bố đều và có cường dộ phân bố q.
Xác định kích thước t của mặt cắt ngang để ứng suất uốn lớn nhất không
vượt quá 1,8kN/cm2.

P = 100kN P = 100kN
0,5m 1m 0,5m
30cm

q
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.1. Determinant
q q
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.2. Hệ cơ bản
q

q q

X1 X1
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.3. Hệ phương trình chính tắc

Chọn một hệ cơ bản của hệ siêu tĩnh.

Xác định các thành phần phản lực liên kết (thay thế các liên kết bỏ
đi) trong hệ cơ bản Xi (i = 1, 2, 3, …, n)

Sao cho: chuyển vị theo phương của phản lực thứ k trong hệ cơ bản
bằng không
Δi = Δi (X1, X2, …Xn, P) = 0

Đối với hệ đàn hồi tuyến tính, ta có thể áp dụng nguyên lý cộng tác dụng

i  i1 X1 i 2 X 2  ... in X n  iP  0

VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.3. Hệ phương trình chính tắc

i  i1 X1 i 2 X 2  ... in X n  iP  0

Trong đó:

ΔiP − chuyển vị tại vị trí và theo phương lực Xi do tải trọng P

gây ra trong hệ cơ bản.

δik − chuyển vị tại vị trí và theo phương lực Xi do tải trọng đơn vị
Xi = 1 gây ra trong hệ cơ bản.
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.3. Hệ phương trình chính tắc

Khai triển phương trình với i = 1, 2, … , n ta được:

11X 1 12 X 2  ... 1n X n  1P  0

 X
 21 1   22 X 2  ...  2n X n  2 
 0 P
..........................................................

n1 X1 n2 X 2  ... nn X n  nP  0

Where:
ii Mi Mi

ik Mi Mk

iP Mi
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

7.3. Hệ phương trình chính tắc

11 X1  1P  0

11 X 1  12 X 2  1P 

Second degree: 0 X
 21 1  22 X 2  2 
0 P

11 X 1  12 X 2  13 X 3  1P  0

Third degree: 
21 X 1  22 X 2  23 X 3  2 P 
013 X 1  32 X 2  33 X 3  3P 
  0
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

Problem: Dầm AC có độ cứng chống uốn EJx = const. Hãy vẽ biểu đồ
nội lực phát sinh trong dầm

2a
5a
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

Problem: Dầm AB có độ cứng chống uốn EJx = const. Hãy vẽ biểu đồ
nội lực phát sinh trong dầm
VII. Statically indeterminate beams

Problem: Dầm AC có độ cứng chống uốn EJx = const. Hãy vẽ biểu đồ
nội lực phát sinh trong dầm

0.8kN/cm q

0.5m 1m

q
2kN
1kN / m

0.4m 0.4m 0.8m