Unit WI04:
Welding joints, positions and symbols:
Session 4
Learning Outcome 1
Understand welding symbols, joints and
positions
Topic 1.1
Welding joints and positions
1
Contents
Recap last Session
Aim and Introduction
Applications of typical welding joint-types:
• lap
• tee
• fillet
What have we learned today?
2
Recap last session
In the last session, we looked at applications of the following
welding joints:
Butt
Corner
Edge
Can you remember an application of each?
Can you sketch each joint?
3
Aim
Applications of typical welding joint-types:
• lap
• tee
• fillet
4
Introduction
In this session, we will look at applications of
typical welding joint-types:
• lap
• tee
• fillet
5
Welding – Safety Moment
Welding, like any process involving hot
metal, can be extremely dangerous.
You must ensure that you have the
correct permit(s) in place and wear all
appropriate PPE and follow appropriate
safety procedures.
For further information, please refer to the
Aramco Safety Handbook.
6
Welding - General
When welding there are different processes that
may be used. We have discussed these in the
unit WI03. These welding processes included:
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Metal Inert Gas Welding (MIG)
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding (TIG)
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)
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Welding - General
We saw that each of these processes
had advantages and disadvantages
compared to each other and that what
was good in one situation was not
necessarily good in another.
In the same way, there are different
kinds of joint that may be made when
using these processes and each of
these joint types has advantages and
disadvantages in different situations.
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This session
In this session we will look at
applications of the following welding
joint-types:
• lap
• tee
• fillet
9
Lap Joint
A very simple weld. A lap joint is
where the two pieces of metal to be
joined are laid over one another so
that they overlap.
10
Lap Joint
In practice, there are several ways of
preparing a lap joint by modifying one
of the ends to allow greater welded
surface or greater penetration.
A lap joint, similar to a butt joint, is used for joining
two parallel pieces of metal in a linear fashion.
Watch this video showing a lap weld being performed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkHWuCRst_A
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Lap Joint - Applications
Lap joints are used to join:
• Dissimilar metals
• Pipes of different sizes
Another use for lap joints is to patch things
as it does not need high tolerance weld
preparation.
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Lap Joint - Applications
They are also used to join flanges to pipes
in high pressure pipelines.
Where a butt joint will give a smooth finish, Watch this video
showing a lap joint
the lap joint has a bulge, but it has far being used to patch:
greater pressure resistance due to the https://www.youtube.c
amount of metal welded. om/watch?v=Fi8cw1w
02QY
13
Tee Joint
As we saw above, a lap joint is used to
join two pieces together so that they
form a continuous line, in the same
direction. A tee joint is used to make,
as it’s name suggests, a tee in the two
pieces of metal welded as can be seen
below.
As you can see, a tee joint produces a
joint at 90° or two pieces joined normal
to each other.
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Tee Joint
In the same way that there are
multiple ways of creating a lap weld,
there are different ways of creating a
tee weld.
Watch this video showing tee
welds being performed
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=nPxqErIVQ9I
15
Tee Joint - Applications
One of the most common joints, a tee
joint is used throughout industry to
join one piece of flat metal to another
at 90°.
Tee joints are sometimes used to join
pipes at 90° to one another, although
some say this is a butt weld joint.
The most common applications are in
structural engineering, as tee joints
give great strength.
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Fillet Joint
The joints we have seen so far (butt,
corner, edge, lap and tee) are joints named
by their geometry or shape. A fillet weld is
more of a way of welding than an actual
joint arrangement.
If we look at some of the different ways to
prepare the previous welds, we can see
that they often have grooves of various
shapes and in various locations cut from
the metal to allow greater penetration or
better weld coverage.
17
Fillet Joint
A fillet weld is one where these
grooves or bevels are not cut and the
two pieces of metal are merely offered
up to each other and clamped or tack
welded in place before the fillet weld
is carried out.
A weld where the weld is the same
thickness as the metal being welded
is termed a full fillet weld.
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Fillet Joint
In practice, fillets are usually carried
out as a 90° corner or tee joints,
although they can be carried out on
any as can be seen:
Butt joint – Fillet weld
Corner joint – Fillet weld
Edge joint – Fillet weld
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Fillet Joint
Lap joint – Fillet weld
Tee joint – Fillet weld (double side)
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Fillet Joint - Applications
Fillet welds are extensively used in engineering. They are a
type of weld that is triangular in shape and joins two surfaces
at right angles to each other in a joint.
They are most commonly used in tee, lap and corner joints in
their applications as discussed earlier and in the last session
Watch the following video showing fillet welding
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=InXzW0KI5zc
Watch this video, which recaps the different joint
types:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8JzqWBIs7yc
For further reading on weld joint types, please see:
http://www.ateliersbg.com/news/the-5-types-of-basic-welding-joints.aspx
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Exercise 1.1a
Consider the welding joints as described
and complete the table individually or in a
small group of 2-3 people.
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Summary
In summary:
Lap joints – Patches, low stress
Tee joints – High stress, structural
Fillet joints – As for tee lap and corner
o Lap joints – Patches, low stress
o Tee joints – High stress, structural
o Corner joints – Vessels & tanks,
strengthening sheet metal
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What have we learned today?
Let’s do the consolidation questions at the back end of
your workbook
Now let’s have a go at the quiz. Try to join the terms
up with the meanings opposite, see how many you
can get right
There is a box in the back of your workbook to put any
words in that you did not fully understand. Ask the
teacher to explain them to you and write them down
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What have we learned today?
Remember the session aims:
The purpose of typical welding joint-types:
• lap
• tee
• fillet
Write down the 5 main things you have learned.
How does this help us become Inspectors?
Good!
Well done!
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