The History of Tourism
PRELIM TOPICS
Objectives:
Gain knowledge about the origins of the tourism industry
Provide an overview of the economic, social, and
environmental impacts of tourism worldwide
Understand the history of tourism and hospitality
development in the Philippines
Analyze the value of tourism in the international travel
patterns
Describe the factors that favor the growth of tourism and
hospitality.
Early Civilization
Early Tourism
Tourism is derived from the Hebrew word torah
which means studying, learning, searching.
Early tourism has two forms:
Travel for business
Religious travel
The invention of money, writing and wheel by the
Sumerians facilitated travel and exchange of goods.
Tourism –derived from the Hebrew
word- “ Torah “
Tourism can trace its history in the Old
testament. Noah with his ark.
Sumerians- invention of money,
writings, wheels…facilitated to travel
and exchange goods.
The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as
traders.
Both the Greeks and the Romans were well-known
traders and as their respective empires increased,
travel became necessary. At this time, there was also
travel for private purposes.
Travel for religious reason took the form of
pilgrimages to places of worship .
Pilgrimages were made to fulfill a vow as in case of
illness or of great danger or as penance for sins.
Beside Rome and Jerusalem, St. James of Galicia
was the foremost destination of English pilgrims in
the 14th century.
Beginning in 1388, English pilgrims were required to
obtain and carry permits, the forerunner of the
modern passport.
Tourism in the Medieval Period
During the medieval period, travel declined.
Travel, derived from the word travail, became
burdensome, dangerous and demanding during this
time.
After the decline of the Roman Empire in the 5th
century, roads were not maintained and they became
unsafe.
Thieves infected harm on those who dared to travel.
No one during this time travelled for pleasure.
Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who
traveled.
Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras
Because few renowned universities developed, traveling for
education was introduced by the British in the 16th century.
Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were
encouraged to travel to the Continent to widen their
education.
This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower
social scale. In time it became recognized that the education
of a gentleman should be completed by a “Grand Tour” of the
cultural centers of the Continent which lasted for three years.
Typical Grand Tourist
Map of Grand Tour
Grand Tour was used as early as 1670. While
apparently educational, the appeal became social.
Pleasure-seeking young men of leisure travelled
predominantly through France and Italy .
By the end of the 18th century, the practice had
become institutionalized for the upper class of
society.
As young men sought intellectual improvement in
the Continent, the sick sought a remedy for their
illnesses in “spas” or medicinal baths.
The term “spa” is derived from the word Waloon
word “espa” meaning fountain.
Travelers immersed themselves in healing waters,
soon, entertainment was added, and dozens of
watering places became resort hotels.
Tourism during the Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution brought about major
changes in the scale and type of tourism development.
It brought about not only technological changes but
also essential social changes that made travel
desirable as a recreational activity.
The increase in productivity, regular employment, and
growing urbanization gave more people the
motivation and opportunity to go on holiday .
The emerging middle class combined higher incomes
and growing education into annual holidays.
To escape from their responsibilities and the
crowded city environment, they traveled to the
countryside or seashore for their holidays.
This led to the creation of working class resorts near
major industrial centers.
Tourism in the 19th Century
Two technological developments in the early part of
the 19th century had a great effect on the growth of
tourism.
Introduction of the railway
Development of steam power
The railways created not only more business by
proving reliable and cheap transportation, but also
more competition as various private companies
invested heavily in hotels, resorts and entertainment
facilities.
Thus, tourism was transformed from a small business
catering to the elite into the start of a mass market, that is,
travel by a large number of individuals.
The use of steam power provided the increased mobility
needed by the tourism business.
Steamers on the major rivers provided reliable and
inexpensive transportation that led to the popular day-trip
cruises and the growth of coastal resorts near large
industrial towns.
As tourism became organized in the later years of the
19th century, the organization of travel became an
established institution.
Travel organizers emerged. The first and most
famous of these was Thomas Cook.
His first excursion train trip was between Leicester
and Loughborough in 1841 with 570 passengers at a
round-trip fare of one shilling.
The success of this venture encouraged him to
arrange similar excursions using chartered trains.
In 1866 he organized his first American tour.
In 1874, he introduced “circular notes” which were
accepted by banks, hotels, shops, and restaurants.
These in effect the first traveler’s checks.
Other tour companies in Britain:
Dean and Dawson in 1871
Polytechnic Touring Association in 1872
Frames in 1881
In the United States, American Express was founded
by Henry Wells and William Fargo
As the 19th century drew to a close, photography and
guide-books became popular.
A huge variety of guide-books which dealt with both
local and overseas travel were sold to tourists.
The most popular of these was Baedecker, first
published in 1839, which became the leading guide
for European countries at the end of the century.
Origin of Tourism and Hospitality
in the Philippines
HISTORY
Tourism in the Philippines traces its origins during the ancient times
when the first set of people chose to migrate through land bridges,
followed by the other sets of migration from the Malayan archipelago
in the south and Taiwan in the north.
Cont.…
Through time, numerous enthno-linguistic groups
developed, until some of they became
monarchies,
Plutocracies,
Hunter-gatherers,
city-state and soon on
Trade also became part of the tourism as;
Arabs
Indians
Japanese
Chinese
Cont.…
Malays and other ethnic groups in mainland Southeast Asian,
Taiwan and
Ryukyu traded goods with the natives.
The island became part of the territory of the Spain, an influx of
Spanish people migrated into the country, though still few
compared to the Spanish migration in South America as the
Philippines was farther from Spain.
Tourism Industry in Philippines
19th to early 20th century - tourism flourished due to
the influx (arrival) of immigrants from Europe and
the United State.
Best county visited in Asian Hong Kong, and Japan.
earning the nick name “Pearl of the Orient Seas”
The tourism declined during and after World War II,
leaving the country with a completely
devastated economy, and a landscape filled
with destroy heritage town.
Cont.…
The second wave of tourist influx flourished in the
1950s but declined drastically during the
dictatorship era.
The People Power Revolution, the tourism industry
continued to decline due to the domino effect caused
by dictatorship.
The industry on managed to cope in 1991 and 1992,
where 1.2 millions tourist visited the Philippines.
Cont.…
The tourism industry flourished third time at the early
part of the 2010s under the “Its More Fun in the
Philippines” slogans.
The help of the social media and creative taglines , the
tourism went at its peak 5, 360, 682 foreign millions
tourist recorded 2015.
2017 – industry growth rate from Western tourist
drastically increase due to an ongoing drugs war and
declaration of martial law in Mindanao.
Tourism growth continued due to an arrival of Asian and
Russian tourist.
End of discussion….
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